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Rhone streber Zingel asper Apron du Rhône - équipe de la réserve , Jean-Bernard Catella Localisation Rhone Basin, France, Switzerland Threats Water pollution Dams and water uses Droughts Population Decreasing I.U.C.N. : C .R. - Critically endangered C.I.T.E.S : not indexed Trade France : Article L436-9 of the Environmental Code The administrative authority responsible for freshwater fisheries (DDT) may authorise the capture, transport or sale of fish at any time, for health, scientific and ecological purposes, in particular to enable them to be rescued, counted, reproduced, to promote restocking and to remedy biological imbalances: under national legislation, its transport and release only require a "fishing" permit under - Article L436-9 of the Environmental Code, instructed by the DDT in charge of freshwater fishing - the transposition into French law of international and European obligations remains very incomplete for this species (unlike, in particular, the European sturgeon) References : PNA-Apron-du-Rhone.pdf (biodiversite.gouv.fr) Zingel asper (iucnredlist.org) Article L436-9 - Code de l'environnement - Légifrance

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Loris, pottos and angwantibos Lorisidae I.U.C.N. : L.C. : Low Concern N.T. : Not Threatened VU : Vulnerable EN : Endangered CR : Critically Endangered EW : Extinct in the Wild EX : Extinct C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I : strictly forbidden trade (or allowed by special agreements) Appendix II : restricted trade Appendix III : allowed trade not indexed : no C.I.T.E.S. status Golden angwantibo Arctocebus aureus U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex B (20/05/2023) Calabar angwantibo Arctocebus calabarensis U.I.C.N. : NT - Not Threatened C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex B (20/05/2023) Gray slender loris Loris lydekkerianus U.I.C.N. : NT - Not Threatened C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex B (20/05/2023) Red slender loris Loris tardigradus U.I.C.N. : EN - En dangered C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex B (20/05/2023) Red slender loris Nycticebus bengalensis U.I.C.N. : EN - En dangered C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I (13/09/2007) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) Sunda slow loris / Greater slow loris Nycticebus coucang U.I.C.N. : EN - Endangered C.I.T.E.S: Appendix I (13/09/2007) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) Javan slow loris Nycticebus javanicus U.I.C.N. : CR - Critically Endangered C.I.T.E.S: Appendix I (13/09/2007) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) Kayan Slow Loris Nycticebus kayan U.I.C.N. : VU - Vulnerable C.I.T.E.S: Appendix I (13/09/2007) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) Pygmy slow loris Nycticebus pygmaeus U.I.C.N. : EN - Endangered C.I.T.E.S: Appendix I (13/09/2007) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) Milne-Edwards's Potto Perodicticus edwardsi U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S : No status East African potto Perodicticus ibeanus U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S: No status West African potto Perodicticus potto U.I.C.N. : NT - Not Threatened C.I.T.E.S: Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex B (20/05/2023) False potto Pseudopotto martini U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S: Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex B (20/05/2023) Localization South Asia, South-Eastern Asia (Lorises) West Africa and Central Africa (Angwantibos and pottos) Threats Annual and perennial non-timber crops Wood and pulp plantations Logging and wood harvesting Hunting Trapping Population Decreasing Trade Internet : According to Nekaris et al . (2015), the 100 videos viewed contained 122 individual slow lorises. Bengal slow loris (N. bengalensis ;37%) and pygmy slow loris (N. pygmaeus ;39%) occurred most frequently, followed by greater slow loris (N. coucang ;16%), Javan slow loris (N. javanicus ;4%) and Philippine slow loris (N. menagensis ;3%) as well as one purported hybrid (1%). Slow loris videos were predominantly uploaded from 5 countries, China (15%), Thailand (15%), Vietnam (7%), all slow loris range countries, Japan (28%) and Russia (12%). For China, 6 of the 15 individuals recorded were non-native species, and for Thailand, 5 of the 15 individuals recorded were not native to the country. With regard to age class, most slow lorises were adults (55%), followed by juveniles (23%) and infants (22%). All 100 videos found showed at least 1 negative condition, with 4% showing only 1 condition, but with nearly one third (31%) showing all 5 negative conditions. Presence of conditions included human contact (57%), daylight (87%), signs of stress and ill health (53%), unnatural environmental conditions (91%) and isolation from conspecifics (77%). In 49% of the videos at least 1 of the slow lorises present was obese. In 8 separate videos infections were observed around the muzzle of an individual, indicating that teeth had been removed, and 3 animals exhibited open wounds consistent with being bitten by a conspecific. The average duration of the videos was 129 ± 92.9 s; there was no relation between the duration of the video and the number of conditions shown. Cambodia : Cambodia lists them as protected, with penalties of one month in prison and fines of US$2.50 to US$250 in 2010 for anyone who catches, hunts, poisons, or transports them. Democratic Republic of Congo : West African potto (Perodicticus potto ) : Quota : 100 - Live (2024) France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. Guinea : APPLICATION OF ARTICLE XIII IN GUINEA Recommendation to maintain the suspension of trade for commercial purposes with Guinea in specimens of all CITES-listed species and other recommendations (23/11/2023) All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Guinea-Bissau : CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA 22/01/2018) The Secretariat informed Parties of the recommendation by the Standing Committee that all Parties suspend commercial trade with Guinea-Bissau and Liberia in specimens of CITES-listed species until further notice for failure to adopt appropriate legislative measures to implement the Convention. India : Ban on trade in wild fauna and flora, except certain specimens of Dalbergia latifolia and Dalbergia sissoo (26/03/2018) India permits the export of cultivated varieties of plant species included in Appendices I and II and has indicated that all products, other than the wood and wood products in the form of logs, timber, stumps, roots, bark, chips, powder, flakes, dust and charcoal, produced from wild sourced (W) Dalbergia sissoo and Dalbergia latifolia and authorized for export by a CITES Comparable Certificate issued by the competent authorities of India are exempted from the general ban. Such Dalbergia sissoo and Dalbergia latifolia specimens are harvested legally as per the regional and national laws of India and as per the prescribed management (working) plans, which are based on silvicultural principles and all are covered under Legal Procurement Certificate; all the material are sold from the Government timber depots through auction or are legally procured and can be exported legally. Starting on the date of this Notification, all the CITES Comparable Certificates will be issued with a footnote, stating that the wild (W) source specimens are covered under Legal Procurement Certificate as per regional and national laws in India. Indonesia : In Indonesia, the slow loris trade has been illegal since 1973, when the Agriculture Ministry passed Decree No. 66. This regulation was clarified in 1999 with Government Regulation No. 7 ("Protection of Wild Flora and Fauna") and Act No. 5 ("Biodiversity Conservation"). Violators are subject to five years in prison and a fine of 100 million rupiah (~US$10,000). Hundreds of Indonesian lorises are traded domestically every year, sold in open-air “bird markets,” by the side of the road, and even at shopping malls. Because they look cute and cuddly, they are desirable as pets or even as a kind of “living toy” for children. Buyers typically do not know anything about these animals and so are unaware of their endangered status. Local hunters work for specialized animal trade mafias. Traders will buy them and take them to the main markets in big cities, where customers will pay around 300,000 to 500,000 rupiahs (US$32 to US$54) for one animal. Often, the buyers are Western tourists or expatriates who sometimes pay up to 1,000,000 rupiahs (US$108). The buyers feel pity for these poor animals, although they don’t know that buying them is cruel—and technically illegal. Lorises are not well adapted to captivity and are very stress-sensitive. On top of this, owners usually have no idea how to care for their new purchases and do not feed their lorises a proper diet. Consequently, captive lorises often die of nutritional problems, pneumonia, and stress. One additional cause of death for traded lorises is dental infections, with a death rate of up to 90 percent. Lorises’ teeth are often brutally cut or pulled out by traders using nail cutters, causing unbearable pain. Lorises with no teeth are not able to fend for themselves in the wild, as they use their canines and a special venom they produce in their brachial glands to stun their prey and protect themselves from predators. These lorises are unreleasable and must remain in captivity the rest of their lives. (Sanchez, 2008) On the internet, loris bones have already be sold on the online platform TokopediaⓇ for traditional medicine and living individuals as pets . Laos : Recommendation to suspend trade for commercial purposes with the Lao People's Democratic Republic in specimens of all CITES-listed species and other recommendations (21/11/2023) All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Liberia : CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA 22/01/2018) The Secretariat informed Parties of the recommendation by the Standing Committee that all Parties suspend commercial trade with Guinea-Bissau and Liberia in specimens of CITES-listed species until further notice for failure to adopt appropriate legislative measures to implement the Convention. Philippines : CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (29/11-/2010) The export for commercial purposes of wild-caught specimens of wild terrestrial fauna is prohibited. Only specimens bred in captivity by breeders authorized and registered by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the CITES Management Authority for terrestrial wildlife, may be exported. This restriction has been in effect since 15 February 1994. Parties are urged to help the Philippines in implementing the bans mentioned above and to inform it of any attempts to import into their territories specimens subject to the prohibition. Togo : West African potto (Perodicticus potto ) : Quota : 10 - Wild-taken (2024) Read the article References : Is Tickling Torture? Assessing Welfare towards Slow Lorises (Nycticebus spp.) within Web 2.0 Videos | Folia Primatologica | Karger Publishers Indonesia’s Slow Lorises Suffer in Trade Dr. Karmele Llano Sanchez, International Animal Rescue - 105_v35_n2_2008-09.pdf Nekaris et al. 2010 , p. 882. Nekaris et al. 20 10 , p. 883. Nekaris and Munds 2010 , p. 390 McGreal 2007b . Species+ - CITES Notification: Philippines, Prohibition of trade in CITES specimens Arctocebus aureus (Golden Angwantibo) Arctocebus calabarensis (Calabar Angwantibo) Loris lydekkerianus (Grey Slender Loris) Loris tardigradus (Red Slender Loris) Nycticebus bengalensis (Bengal Slow Loris) Nycticebus coucang (Greater Slow Loris) Nycticebus javanicus (Javan Slow Loris) Nycticebus kayan (Kayan Slow Loris) Nycticebus pygmaeus (Pygmy Slow Loris) Perodicticus potto (West African Potto) Perodicticus ibeanus (East African Potto) Perodicticus edwardsi (Milne-Edwards's Potto) Publications Office - Official Journal of the European Union Notification to the Parties No. 2018/031 Letter template - Recommendation to suspend trade for commercial purposes with the Lao People's Democratic Republic in specimens of all CITES-listed species and other recommendations (21/11/2023) Notification to the Parties No. 2017/ Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Articles - laws and geopolitics OURANOS Project - Team ZAN The Legal and Conservation Battle for the Okinawa Dugong Read the article Sumatra Ecoproject What You Should Know About Law Enforcement and Wildlife Crime in Sumatra Read the article

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Capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Localization South America Threats Population U.I.C.N. : C.I.T.E.S: Trade Canada, United States: France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. India: Indonesia: Laos : Malaysia: Philippines : Vietnam : References : Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Members Official partners of the OURANOS Project Map of our partners CURRENT PARTNERS ABConservation France - Philippines Joined at 31/10/2023 Résilience Internationale France Joined at 21/12/2023 International NGO UK Joined at 10/07/2025 FORMER PARTNERS Sumatra Ecoproject Indonesia 30/11/2023 - 03/03/2025 Palm Oil Detectives New Zealand 29/11/2024 - 02/05/2025 Team ZAN Japan 23/12/2024-11/09/2025 Bhutan Ecological Society Bhutan 21/06/2025-11/09/2025

Sturgeons Acipenseriformes Localisation Northern Atlantic, Northern America, Eurasia Threats Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources (for Humans and animals) Dams & water management/use Problematic native species/diseases Domestic & urban waste water Industrial & military effluents Agricultural & forestry effluents Recreational activities Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases Mining & quarrying Shipping lanes Housing & urban areas Commercial & industrial areas Marine & freshwater aquaculture Garbage & solid waste Excess energy Housing & urban areas Commercial & industrial areas Annual & perennial non-timber crops Livestock farming & ranching Logging & wood harvesting Renewable energy Droughts Human and veterinary medicine Manufacturing chemicals trade Wearing apparel and accessories Sport hunting and specimen collecting Population General : Decreasing I.U.C.N. : Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum ) : VU - Vulnerable Yangtze Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus ) : E.W. - Extinct in the Wild Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens ) : EN - Endangered Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris ) : EN - Endangered Sakhalin Sturgeon (Acipenser mikadoi ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Adriatic sturgon (Acipenser naccarii ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus ) : VU - Vulnerable Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : EN - Endangered Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Sevruga - Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : C .R. - Critically endangered European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio ) : C .R. - Critically endangered White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus ) : VU - Vulnerable Kaluga ( Huso dauricus ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Sturgeon Chub (Macrhybopsis gelida ) : L.C. - Least Concern Chinese paddlefish ( Psephurus gladius ) : EX - Extinct (2019) Small Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus ) : VU - Vulnerable Alabama Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi ) : C .R. - Critically endangered C.I.T.E.S : Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) Yangtze Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Sakhalin Sturgeon (Acipenser mikadoi ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Adriatic sturgeon ( Acipenser naccarii ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio ) : Appendix I (29/07/1983) White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Kaluga ( Huso dauricus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Sturgeon Chub (Macrhybopsis gelida ) : Not Indexed Chinese paddlefish ( Psephurus gladius ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Small Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Alabama Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum ) : Annex A (20/05/2023) Yangtze Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Sakhalin Sturgeon (Acipenser mikadoi ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Adriatic sturgeon ( Acipenser naccarii ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio ) : Annex A (20/05/2023) White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Kaluga ( Huso dauricus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Chinese paddlefish ( Psephurus gladius ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Sturgeon Chub (Macrhybopsis gelida ) : Not Indexed Small Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Alabama Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Trade International : CITES : cf. previously Bonn Convention (1979) : Protects migratory species, including the sturgeon, under Annexes I and II. Berne Convention (1979) : Ensures conservation of wildlife in Europe, listing the sturgeon under Annex II. OSPAR Convention (1992) : Focuses on the marine environment of the Northeast Atlantic, identifying sturgeon as a species in decline. Afghanistan : CITES (17/05/2013) All exports are suspended. Azerbaijan : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar, meat and products [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar, meat and products [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar, meat and products [Caspian sa] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar, meat and products [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 EU decision : Negative ; W - Wild (13/12/2010) Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar, meat and products [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar, meat and products [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : Negative ; W - Wild (03/12/2010) Bulgaria : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Canada : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Saint John River/Bay of Fundy] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 China (PRC) : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Kaluga ( Huso dauricus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Amur/Heilongjiang River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Amur/Heilongjiang River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) European Union : Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC, 1992) : Annex II: Requires the designation of special conservation zones for sturgeon. Annex IV: Mandates strict protection of species against disturbances and habitat damage. Six French sites, including the Garonne and Dordogne rivers, are Natura 2000 sites designated for sturgeon conservation. Council Regulation (EC) No. 338/97: Controls the trade of wildlife species, listing sturgeon under Annex A, prohibiting international trade except for scientific purposes. France : Article L436-9 of the Environmental Code (31/12/2006) The administrative authority responsible for freshwater fisheries may authorise the capture, transport or sale of fish at any time, for health, scientific and ecological purposes, in particular to enable them to be rescued, counted, reproduced, to promote restocking and to remedy biological imbalances: under national legislation, its transport and release only require a "fishing" permit under - Article L436-9 of the Environmental Code, instructed by the DDT in charge of freshwater fishing. Article L.432-1 of the Environmental Code Prohibits activities that threaten spawning grounds and aquatic species. Arrêté of December 20, 2004 Bans the fishing, selling, and habitat destruction of sturgeon nationwide. Arrêté of April 14, 1981 Targeted specific areas like the Gironde estuary. Article L.321-8 of the Environmental Code: Limits material extraction to prevent the destruction of critical aquatic habitats. Decree No. 2008-283 of March 25, 2008 Protects spawning and feeding areas for sturgeon and other aquatic species. Arrêté of September 22, 1994 Prohibits quarrying in riverbeds to maintain ecosystem integrity. Arrêté of April 1, 2008 Sets technical standards for freshwater aquaculture to prevent environmental harm. Local Orders for Habitat Protection: Prefectural Decree of November 7, 1985: Protects sturgeon spawning areas in the Lot-et-Garonne section of the Garonne River. Prefectural Decree of April 17, 1990 Safeguards spawning zones in the Gironde section of the Garonne. Additional decrees from 2013 to 2014 inventory key spawning and feeding zones for enforcement under Article L.432-3 of the Environmental Code. Given the conservation measures for sturgeon, exports of caviar from wild animals have been banned since 2011. Iran : Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : Negative ; W - Wild (03/12/2010) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/03/2016) Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : Discussed at SRG; W - C - Captive-bred animals (19/09/2023) Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 EU decision : Negative ; W - Wild (03/12/2010) Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : Negative ; W - Wild (03 /12 /2010) Kazakhstan : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/03/2016) Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 EU decision : Positive (15/05/2002) Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 EU decision : Negative ; W - Wild (14/09/2010) Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : Negative ; W - Wild (14 /09 /2010) Romania : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russia : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Kaluga ( Huso dauricus ) Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Amur/Heilongjiang River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/03/2016) Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 EU decision : Negative ; W - Wild (14 /09 /2010 ) Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Amur/Heilongjiang River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : Negative ; W - Wild (14 /09 /2010) Serbia : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Ship Sturgeon (Acipens er nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Turkmenistan : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Ship Sturgeon (Acipens er nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Ukraine : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Ship Sturgeon (Acipens er nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 United States : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2014/036 (11/08/2014) The United States wishes to inform CITES Parties that the following species of sturgeon were listed as Endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act : Acipenser naccarii (Adriatic sturgeon) Acipenser sturio (European sturgeon) in western Europe Acipenser sinensis (Chinese sturgeon) in the Yangtze River basin Acipenser mikadoi (Sakhalin sturgeon) Huso dauricus (Kaluga sturgeon) in the Amur River Basin/Sea of Japan/Sea of Okhotsk region. The new listing makes it illegal to import into or export from the United States any of these sturgeon species, including live or dead specimens, parts or products. It also provides for various domestic prohibitions. Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Saint John River/Bay of Fundy] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus ) : EU decision : Positive ; W - Wild (22 /06 /2011 ) Uzbekistan : Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni ) : UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (12/09/2013) Caviar : legal and illegal trade Caviar, a luxury product derived from the roe of sturgeons and paddlefish, is strictly regulated under international law to prevent illegal trade and protect endangered species. These regulations are enforced through the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) labelling system. CITES Labelling Requirements : Applicability: The labelling requirements apply exclusively to sturgeon and paddlefish caviar. "Caviar substitutes" or roe from non-CITES-listed fish are not regulated under CITES. Labelling System: Every container of caviar—whether from wild-caught or farmed sources—must have a non-reusable label. The label must either seal the container or be affixed in a way that shows evidence of tampering. Information on Labels: Labels must include detailed information to ensure traceability: Species Code: A three-letter identifier for the sturgeon species (e.g., BAE for Acipenser baerii). Source Code: Indicates whether the caviar is wild-caught or farmed. Country of Origin Code: ISO two-letter code for the country of origin. Year of Harvest/Repackaging: The year when the sturgeon was harvested or the caviar was repackaged. Processing/Repackaging Plant Code: A unique code for the plant, following national registration systems. Lot Number or CITES Export/Re-Export Certificate Number: Tracks the caviar batch and ensures compliance with trade permits. Licensing and Oversight: All caviar processors, exporters, and repackagers must be licensed by their national CITES management authority. Processing and repackaging plants must adhere to national and international standards. Legislative Protections in Practice : Consumer Role: Labels enable consumers to distinguish legal caviar from illegal products, helping combat wildlife trafficking. EU Compliance: Since May 2006, the European Union has made the CITES labelling system mandatory for both domestic and international caviar trade. Farmed Caviar Concerns: Aquaculture is a rapidly growing sector, especially in countries like Bulgaria and Romania. While farming can support local economies and conserve wild sturgeons, it may also be exploited to launder illegally sourced caviar. Impact on Illegal Trade : The standardized CITES labelling system is a critical tool for law enforcement to trace the origin of caviar, prevent the laundering of illegal products, and safeguard endangered sturgeon species. By requiring transparent labelling and licensing, the trade regulations aim to protect wild sturgeon populations while supporting sustainable aquaculture practices. This system serves as a model for combating illegal wildlife trade by ensuring that consumers and authorities can trace caviar back to its legitimate source. The Danube River is the last European stronghold for functional populations of sturgeon, including beluga, Russian, stellate, and sterlet sturgeons. However, illegal fishing and trade, coupled with habitat destruction, have pushed these species toward extinction. Despite strict regulations, illegal sturgeon trade thrives, endangering these ancient fish. Illegal Trade and Violations (Ludwig et al ., 2023) Wild-Caught Sturgeon Products: A market survey across Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine revealed 21% of sturgeon products (meat and caviar) came from wild-caught sturgeons, despite fishing bans in the Danube and Black Sea. DNA and isotope analysis confirmed these findings, with sterlet being the most common species detected. CITES and EU Labeling Violations: 29% of caviar samples violated international and EU wildlife trade regulations. Issues included: Missing or incorrect CITES labels. Mislabeled products, such as falsely claiming wild origin or misidentifying species. Poor compliance with packaging requirements, where labels did not properly seal containers. Some products declared as sturgeon were revealed to be substitutes, including European catfish and Nile perch. Consumer Deception: Products from aquaculture were falsely marketed as wild-caught, indicating high demand for wild sturgeon. A sample from Ukraine, declared as sterlet caviar, was synthetic, containing DNA from hybrid species commonly farmed in China. Conservation and Enforcement Issues Poaching Threatens Populations: Wild-caught sturgeon products highlight the severe impact of poaching, which undermines conservation efforts and threatens the survival of Danube sturgeons. The lack of spawning partners, caused by dams and habitat loss, increases hybridization, further endangering populations. Weak Enforcement: Insufficient controls and enforcement allow the illegal trade to flourish. Issues include limited resources, low political priority, inadequate laboratory technology, and corruption. Selective Fishing: While the study found no evidence of sex-selective fishing among analyzed meat samples, scientific monitoring in Romania indicated a concerning bias toward males, possibly signaling underreporting of female catches. References : pna-esturgeon-2020-2029-complet-high-quality-v101120.pdf Article L436-9 - Code de l'environnement - Légifrance Microsoft Word - E-Notif-2014-036.docx Publications Office 77_summary_srg.pdf DRAFT - SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 54TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA1 3 DECEMBER 2010 DRAFT - SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 53RD MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA1 14 SEPTEMBER 2010 CITES Microsoft Word - SRG 98 short SOC_v3 final rev 30.01.24 23rd summary Huso dauricus (Kaluga) Huso huso (Beluga) Acipenser persicus (Persian Sturgeon) Acipenser naccarii (Adriatic Sturgeon) Acipenser sturio (European Sturgeon) Acipenser oxyrinchus (Atlantic Sturgeon) Acipenser fulvescens (Lake Sturgeon) Acipenser medirostris (Green Sturgeon) Acipenser brevirostrum (Shortnose Sturgeon) Psephurus gladius (Chinese Paddlefish) Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni (Small Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon) Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni (Amu Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon) Acipenser baerii (Siberian Sturgeon) Acipenser nudiventris (Ship Sturgeon) Acipenser dabryanus (Yangtze Sturgeon) Acipenser sinensis (Chinese Sturgeon) Acipenser stellatus (Stellate Sturgeon) Scaphirhynchus suttkusi (Alabama Sturgeon) Scaphirhynchus albus (Pallid Sturgeon) Macrhybopsis gelida (Sturgeon Chub) Acipenser schrenckii (Amur Sturgeon) Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Shovelnose Sturgeon) Acipenser transmontanus (White Sturgeon) Acipenser ruthenus (Sterlet) Acipenser mikadoi (Sakhalin Sturgeon) Acipenser gueldenstaedtii (Russian Sturgeon) Huso dauricus : Species+ Huso huso : Species+ Acipenser persicus : Species+ Acipenser naccarii : Species+ Acipenser sturio : Species+ Acipenser oxyrinchus : Species+ Acipenser fulvescens : Species+ Acipenser medirostris : Species+ Acipenser brevirostrum : Species+ Psephurus gladius : Species+ Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni : Species+ Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni : Species+ Siberian strugeon : Species+ Acipenser nudiventris : Species+ Acipenser dabryanus : Species+ Acipenser sinensis : Species+ Acipenser stellatus : Species+ Scaphirhynchus suttkusi : Species+ Scaphirhynchus albus : Species+ Acipenser schrenckii : Species+ Scaphirhynchus platorynchus : Species+ Acipenser transmontanus : Species+ Acipenser ruthenus : Species+ Acipenser mikadoi : Species+ Acipenser gueldenstaedtii : Species+ 01_Sturgeons_ENG_05_HiRes Caviar: read the labels! | Ministry of the Economy, Finance and Industry and Ministry of Budget and Public Accounts universal_labelling_requirements_caviar.pdf Ludwig et al., 2023 - Poaching and illegal trade of Danube sturgeons: Current Biology

Documents Founding documents of the OURANOS Project The Projet Original presentation of the OURANOS anti-poaching project, 18/01/2023 Organigram Organigram of the OURANOS anti-poaching project Poster Poster presented at HERA Awards, carried out by Maria-Giulia DRUART, with the help of Alexandre PINNA, 08/04/2023 Poster Partners OURANOS Project sumed up to the partners ABConservation and SUMECO Date : 04/12/2023 OURANOS through the World Map of the partners of OURANOS Project - Update : 31/12/2024 Message to the President of the French Republic (French) Date : 21/05/2021 Message to the President of the European Parliament Date : 15/04/2022 "Green Digital Bridge" Presentation dealing with the project of partnership between the OURANOS Project and the Bhutan Ecological Society Date : 21/06/2025