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Tiger Panthera tigris Localization Siberia, Eastern, Southern and South-Eastern Asia Threats Annual and perennial non-timber crops Wood plantations Pulp plantations Livestock farming Ranching Oil drilling Gas drilling Mining Quarrying Roads and railroads Hunting Tiger farms Trapping terrestrial animals Logging and wood harvesting War, civil unrest and military exercises Fire and fire suppression Dams and water management/use Industrial effluents Military effluents Storms and flooding Supersitions about protection and sexual boost Population Decreasing ; between 2608 and 3905 mature adults (best estimate: 3140) U.I.C.N. : E.N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S : Appendix I (1987) E.U. listing : Annex A Trade International: All international commercial trade in Tigers, their parts, products and derivatives, has long been prohibited. Afghanistan: 17/05/2013 Suspension of all exports. France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. India: 26/03/2018 : The Management Authority of India has informed the Secretariat that the Government of India has banned the export for commercial purposes of all wild-taken specimens of species included in Appendices I, II and III, subject to paragraph 2 below. India permits the export of cultivated varieties of plant species included in Appendices I and II and has indicated that all products, other than the wood and wood products in the form of logs, timber, stumps, roots, bark, chips, powder, flakes, dust and charcoal, produced from wild sourced (W) Dalbergia sissoo and Dalbergia latifolia and authorized for export by a CITES Comparable Certificate issued by the competent authorities of India are exempted from the general ban. Such Dalbergia sissoo and Dalbergia latifolia specimens are harvested legally as per the regional and national laws of India and as per the prescribed management (working) plans, which are based on silvicultural principles and all are covered under Legal Procurement Certificate; all the material are sold from the Government timber depots through auction or are legally procured and can be exported legally. Starting on the date of this Notification, all the CITES Comparable Certificates will be issued with a footnote, stating that the wild (W) source specimens are covered under Legal Procurement Certificate as per regional and national laws in India. Parties are urged to inform the Indian Management Authority and the Secretariat of any attempted violations. This Notification replaces Notification to the Parties No. 1999/39 of 31 May 1999. Laos: 21/11/2023 APPLICATION OF ARTICLE XIII IN THE LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Recommendation to suspend trade for commercial purposes with the Lao People's Democratic Republic in specimens of all CITES-listed species and other recommendations Suspension of all commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species. Annex SC77 RECOMMENDATIONS [SEE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SC77 SUM. 6 (REV. 1)] Based on reporting from the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and the findings and observations contained in document SC77 Doc. 41.2 on Asian big cats in captivity, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic should: complete the full audit of the tigers kept in captivity, including the analyses of the collection of DNA samples and photos to assist with identification of individual specimens identify any pure specimens of tigers referable to the mainland Southeast Asian lineage (also known as Panthera tigris corbetti ) and encourage facilities to engage in coordinated conservation breeding of such animals, if identified take measures to limit the number of tigers to a level supportive only to conserving wild tigers by: restricting the breeding of tigers in captivity (sterilizing, separating male and female specimens), except for specimens of tigers referable to the mainland Southeast Asian lineage (also known as Panthera tigris corbetti ) not authorizing any further import of tiger live specimens, except for specimens of tigers referable to the mainland Southeast Asian lineage (also known as Panthera tigris corbetti ) for conservation breeding purposes prohibiting the establishment of any new tiger facilities implement stringent regulations for tiger husbandry standards to improve care and discourage expansion of captive-breeding facilities develop standard operating procedures for inspections and disposal of dead tiger specimens (including destruction of carcasses after verification of the dead individual) and train officials to undertake inspections and monitor the disposal of carcasses take measures to reduce the demand for tiger parts and derivatives through the implementation of campaigns and strategies taking into consideration the guidance in Resolution Conf. 17.4 (Rev. CoP19) on Demand reduction strategies to combat illegal trade in CITES-listed species and the outcomes in section 3 of the Big Cat Task Force outcomes document (see document SC77 Doc. 41.2) establish an appropriate advisory committee or mechanism with involvement of the CITES Secretariat and other relevant organizations and partners to provide advice on the transformation of commercial tiger farms inspect the tiger captive-breeding facility that the Secretariat could not visit and report to the Secretariat. United States : H.R. 263, the “Big Cat Public Safety Act,” which amends the Lacy Act (20/12/2022) The act revises the Lacey Act to impose stricter regulations on the trade, possession, breeding, and exhibition of big cats (lion, tiger, leopard, cheetah, jaguar, cougar, or hybrids). Key Provisions: Prohibited Activities: Importing, exporting, buying, selling, transporting, acquiring, possessing, or breeding big cats are prohibited unless exempt. Breeding Defined: Includes intentional or negligent propagation or failing to prevent reproduction. Exemptions: Entities like universities and wildlife sanctuaries may be exempt. Facilities with Class C licenses under the Animal Welfare Act can exhibit big cats if direct contact with the public is prohibited (with exceptions for professionals or conservation-related activities). Grandfather Clause: Owners may keep big cats born before the law's enactment but must register them with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Penalties: Violators face fines up to $20,000, imprisonment for up to five years, or both. Each violation is treated as a separate offense. Forfeiture: Big cats bred or possessed in violation of the law are subject to forfeiture. Implementation: The Department of the Interior will issue regulations to enforce the act. This legislation aims to enhance the conservation of big cats, prioritize public safety, and reduce illegal trade. Rules through the United States : Alabama: Restrictions on exotic animals like giant snails, bobcats, and venomous reptiles unless permitted before 2021. No release of non-native animals without a license. Alaska: Broad restrictions on wildlife, including wolf hybrids and chimpanzees. Some pets, like ferrets, are legal without a permit. Arizona: Extensive restrictions require permits for many species like primates, foxes, and Gila monsters. Permits are issued for specific purposes like education. Arkansas: Large carnivores and primates are restricted unless permitted before set years. Some venomous reptiles are allowed with permits, and up to six captive-bred animals like raccoons can be owned without a permit. California: Prohibits most wild animals, including bears and primates, but allows hybrids like Savannah cats. Colorado: Most exotic animals like primates and raccoons are banned, but hedgehogs and sugar gliders are allowed without permits. Connecticut: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and wolves. Limited ownership of primates allowed under specific conditions. Delaware: Requires permits for exotic animals; no comprehensive list of banned animals is provided. District of Columbia: Only common domestic pets like cats, dogs, and some birds are allowed. Exotic species are banned. Florida: Animals categorized into Classes I-III, with varying permit requirements. Non-dangerous animals like ferrets are exempt. Georgia: Strict permitting for wild animals like kangaroos and venomous snakes, while ferrets and sugar gliders are allowed under specific conditions. Hawaii: Most exotic animals, including hedgehogs and ferrets, are banned. A limited number of domesticated animals are permitted. Idaho: Prohibits animals harmful to agriculture, like wild boars and large cats. Llamas and guinea pigs are allowed without permits. Illinois: Restricts dangerous animals like large cats and wolves to organizations. Existing primates are allowed if registered. Indiana: Allows exotic animal ownership with permits for different classes, from squirrels to large predators. Iowa: Restricts dangerous wild animals unless permitted before 2007. Hybrids of domestic species are allowed. Kansas: Limits ownership of regulated animals like large cats, bears, and venomous snakes to approved facilities. Kentucky: Bans inherently dangerous animals like primates and bears. Some permits available for non-dangerous species. Louisiana: Requires permits for large snakes and prohibits endangered or dangerous species like bears and wolves. Maine: Broad restrictions on exotic pets like giraffes and kangaroos. Some exotic animals like coati are permitted. Maryland: Prohibits dangerous animals like primates and large cats unless registered before 2006. Massachusetts: Strict restrictions on endangered species and venomous reptiles. Ferrets allowed under specific conditions. Michigan: Restricts ownership of non-native species like large cats. Permits are available for captive-bred wildlife. Minnesota: Prohibits regulated animals like large cats unless registered before 2005. Mississippi: Requires liability insurance for permits to own inherently dangerous animals like elephants and primates. Missouri: Requires registration of dangerous reptiles and mammals with law enforcement. Montana: Requires annual permits for wild animals like large cats and bears. Many small exotics are legal without permits. Nebraska: Captive wildlife permits needed for most wild animals, excluding certain species like skunks and bears. Nevada: Relatively lenient, banning certain species like alligators but allowing primates and large cats. New Hampshire: Controlled species like armadillos and cougars require permits. New Jersey: Permits required for many species, including ferrets and primates. Some small animals are exempt. New Mexico: Regulates zoonotic disease carriers like skunks and raccoons; local laws may impose additional restrictions. New York: Prohibits most wild animals and hybrids; fines imposed for violations. North Carolina: Exotic pet laws vary by county or city; no statewide restrictions. North Dakota: Dangerous or hazardous animals like zebras and primates require licenses. Ohio: Strict laws after a 2011 incident, banning dangerous wild animals like tigers and bears without permits. Oklahoma: Permits required for venomous reptiles, while many exotic animals are exempt from regulation. Oregon: Prohibits wild cat species and large predators; permits available for service monkeys. Pennsylvania: Exotic wildlife permits required for animals like lions, wolves, and venomous snakes. Rhode Island: Only specific organizations can own wild carnivores like lions and tigers. South Carolina: Restricts large cats and apes unless registered by 2018. South Dakota: Permits required for most exotic animals, with specific rules for raccoon dogs. Tennessee: Classifies animals by risk level, requiring permits for certain classes. Texas: Requires a certificate of registration for dangerous wild animals like wild cats and primates. Utah: Controlled, noncontrolled, and prohibited animals require different levels of permitting. Vermont: Requires permits for exotic animals not on the unrestricted list. Virginia: Exotic animals like wild cats and crocodiles require permits. Washington: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and venomous snakes. West Virginia: Requires permits with strict conditions for keeping wild animals. Wisconsin: Requires licenses for wild animals, but some, like opossums and ground squirrels, are exempt. Wyoming: Requires permits for most wildlife unless specifically exempted. Highlights: Stringent Restrictions: Hawaii, California, and New York are among the strictest states. Lenient Laws: Indiana and Nevada allow more exotic animals with fewer restrictions. Common Prohibitions: Dangerous animals like large cats, bears, primates, and venomous reptiles are frequently restricted. Permits: Most states offer permits for special cases like education or scientific purposes. Did you find a tiger (body, skin, bones...) for sale ? Indonesia Bukit Lawang, Bohorok North Sumatra, Indonesia Sumatra Ecoproject : info@sumeco.id Website : SUMECO (Sumatra Ecoproject) - Wildlife Conservation in Bukit Lawang, North Sumatra OURANOS Project : ouranosproject2023@gmail.com Sumatra Ecoproject OURANOS Project References : Panthera tigris (Tiger) (iucnredlist.org) Bills Signed: H.R. 263, H.R. 1193, H.R. 5796, H.R. 7077, S. 198, S. 231, S. 1617, S. 2796, S. 3092, S. 3115, S. 3499, S. 3662, S. 3875 | The White House Laws on Exotic Animals for Each State H.R.263 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Big Cat Public Safety Act | Congress.gov | Library of Congress Species+ (speciesplus.net) Publications Office (europa.eu) Letter template (cites.org) Notification to the Parties No. 2018/031 (cites.org) 3kteyyvept_skin_and_bones_tiger_trafficking_analysis_from_january_2000_to_june_2022_r7.pdf (worldwildlife.org) Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Albatros d'Amsterdam Diomedea amsterdamensis Vincent Legendre Albatros d'amsterdam poussin.jpg 01/01/2005 Localization Amsterdam and St. Paul's Islands (T.A.A.F., France), Austral Islands Threats Introduced species (including Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae), exploitation of fishery resources Population 92 mature individuals, non-fragmented populations, increasing U.I.C.N. : C.R. - Critically endangered C.I.T.E.S : Not indexed Trade France : Ministerial Decree of 14 August 1998 The destruction or removal of eggs or nests, the destruction, mutilation, capture or naturalization of individuals wherever they may be, living or dead, their transport, peddling, use, offering for sale, sale or purchase are prohibited. Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. Australia : Department of Environment and Heritage 2006 Plan to Reduce the Threat of Bycatch of Seabirds in Ocean Longline Operations 2006. References : Diomedea amsterdamensis (Amsterdam Albatross) (iucnredlist.org) PNA_albatros_amsterdam_2018-2027.pdf (biodiversite.gouv.fr) Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Dugong Dugong dugon Localisation Indian and Pacific Ocean coasts Red Sea Arabian Sea Threats Urbanization Navigation Fishing Recreation Industrial, military, agricultural and forestry pollution Storms and floods Human and Veterinary Medicine Handicraft Human food Population Decreasing U.I.C.N. : Global : V.U. - Vulnerable East African subpopulation : C.R. - Critically Endangered Nansei subpopulation : C.R. - Critically Endangered New Caledonia subpopulation : E.N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S : Appendix I (19/07/2000) African Convention of Nature and Natural Resources : Class A (16/06/1969) Trade International : MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ON THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF DUGONGS (Dugong dugon) AND THEIR HABITATS THROUGHOUT THEIR RANGE (Abu Dhabi, 31/10/2007) : Noting that dugongs have a priority for conservation action through their listing in the respective appendices of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). African Union : AFRICAN CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (Date of Adoption: 15/09/1968, Date of last signature: 24/01/2013, Date entry into force: 16/06/1969) Dugong dugon - Dugong : Class A Australia : In some regions of Australia, hunting is still permitted, according to quotas that are not always sustainable. Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 Current as at 1 September 2024 Dugongs and Marine Turtles: Selling or distributing these animals or their derivatives in commercial food premises is prohibited. France : The species has been protected in Mayotte since 1995 and several actions have been carried out to ensure compliance with these regulations (§1.13.2). In addition, with the decrease in the number of dugongs, it seems that its exploitation is no longer anchored in local traditions. However, dugong meat is still considered a delicacy and is sold at the price of the noblest fish (about 5€/kg). The high price of this meat and the mass of an animal (150 to 300 kg) mean that animals caught accidentally are systematically kept to consume and/or sell the meat illegally. Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. Japan : Dugongs are considered as living monuments in Japan. Okinawa dugongs (Nansei subpopulation) habitat is threatened by American bases, causing debates and controversies. National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), Section 402 The NHPA mandates that U.S. federal agencies must avoid or mitigate harm to places or things of cultural significance to other countries. The Okinawa dugong, listed as a cultural monument under Japan’s Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, is one such entity. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), in its handling of the Futenma Replacement Facility (FRF) project, failed to directly assess the environmental and cultural impacts of the project on the dugong population. Instead, it deferred to the Japanese government's evaluation. The court ruled that the NHPA requires the head of the responsible federal agency—in this case, the DOD—to independently consider and mitigate these effects. This failure to comply led to the court’s finding that the DOD violated Section 402 of the NHPA, compelling corrective actions to address the environmental and cultural harms of the project. Japan’s Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties Under Japan’s legal framework, the dugong is recognized as a cultural monument of national significance. This designation emphasizes its dual importance as both an endangered marine species and a cultural icon for the Okinawan people. The construction of the U.S. airbase in Henoko Bay poses a direct threat to the seagrass habitat essential for the survival of the dugong, exacerbating its critically endangered status. Despite Japan’s legal protections, the ongoing military base expansion raises concerns about the balance between cultural preservation and national security. Endangered Species Protections The dugong is listed as critically endangered by Japan’s Ministry of the Environment and is also included on the U.S. Endangered Species List. Conservation efforts are imperative given that fewer than 50 dugongs were estimated to remain in 1997, and recent surveys suggest only three individuals currently inhabit Okinawa. The destruction of the seagrass habitat in Henoko Bay due to airbase construction directly threatens this population, making compliance with environmental laws and international conservation commitments vital for the species' survival. Mozambique, Vietnam and other countries : Poaching persists in some countries at an unsustainable frequency, such as Mozambique or Vietnam. References : CONSERVATION OF NATURE.doc PNA_Dugong-Mayotte_2012-2016.pdf (biodiversite.gouv.fr) Dugong dugon (Dugong) (iucnredlist.org) Dugong dugon Eastern Africa subpopulation (Dugong) (iucnredlist.org) Dugong dugon Nansei subpopulation (Dugong) (iucnredlist.org) Dugong Dugong dugon Nansei subpopulation has most recently been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2019. Dugong dugon Nansei subpopulation is listed as Critically Endangered under criteria C1; D. MOU Text | Dugong Legal Appeal Challenges U.S. Military Base Construction in Japan, Threat to Rare Okinawa Dugongs | Turtle Island Restoration Network Fighting to Protect the Dugongs of Japan's Henoko Bay | Saving Earth | Encyclopedia Britannica Okinawa Dugong v. Gates_Case Summary.docx (Protecting the Endangered Dugong From a Proposed Military Airbase - Earthjustice Okinawa Dugong v. Gates, 543 F. Supp. 2d 1082 | Casetext Search + Citator Protecting the Dugong: Regulating U.S. Military Bases in Japan | Columbia | Journal of International Affairs U.S. COURT RULES IN THE “OKINAWA DUGONG” CASE Implications for U.S. Military Bases Overseas Department of Defense Must Comply with National Historic Preservation Act Nature Conservation Act 1992 Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance Article : "The Legal and Conservation Battle for the Okinawa Dugong"

Team ZAN : Who are we ? チーム・ザン : 私たちは誰ですか ？ English version / 英語版 : "Association for the Watching Over the Dugongs at the Northern Limit" was established by wildlife researchers and citizens with the aim of protecting the dugongs, the marine mammals that survive in Okinawa. Dugongs, which were once familiar to the people of Okinawa, were once thought to have become extinct due to overfishing for food in the past and the deterioration of the habitat due to development. However, in January 1998, a dugong was confirmed off the coast of Henoko, Nago City, which ironically had become a candidate site for the relocation of the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, and its survival was made public by photographing it from a helicopter in the media. After that, steady conservation activities were started in Okinawa, but the conservation activities were not communicated to the "mainland" media and nature conservation groups, and the existence of the Okinawan dugong was hardly known in the "mainland" at that time. As an organization that protects dugongs that inhabit the northern limits of the world, we have bases of operations in both the mainland and Okinawa, and aim to carry out effective activities to protect dugongs and their habitats while coordinating both. Since its establishment, it has mainly held symposiums and seminars, made recommendations to the government, disseminated information through newsletters, participated in events, signed petitions, participated in international conferences, protested in the area, interacted with local communities, and conducted historical and cultural research on dugongs. Since November 2006, in order to learn more about the ecology of dugongs, we have been regularly investigating the food marks left by dugongs after eating seaweed with the advice and guidance of researchers. In the future, based on the results of this survey and the basic scientific data from existing surveys, we will propose concrete measures to ensure the survival and recovery of the dugong population in Okinawa, as well as environmental conditions that should be secured and improved, and take action to realize an environment in which dugongs can live. Japanese version / 日本語版 : 「北限のジュゴンを見守る会」は、沖縄に生き残っている海棲哺乳類ジュゴンの保護を目的として野生生物に関わる研究者と市民により設立されました。 　かつて沖縄の人々になじみの深い生きものだったジュゴンは、過去の食用目的の乱獲と開発による生息環境の悪化で一度は絶滅したと考えられていました。しかし、1998年1月、皮肉にも米軍海兵隊普天間飛行場の移設先の候補地となっていた名護市辺野古沖で、マスコミのヘリコプターからの撮影によってジュゴンが確認され、その生存が公にされたのです。 　その後、沖縄では地道な保護活動がはじめられましたが、その保護活動が「本土」のメディアや自然保護団体に伝えられることはなく、沖縄のジュゴンの存在も当時「本土」ではほとんど知られていませんでした。 　私たちは、世界の北限に生息するジュゴンを保護する団体として「本土」と沖縄の両方に活動拠点を置き、その双方を連携させながら、ジュゴンとその生息地を守るための実効性のある活動を目指しています。 　 　設立以来、主にシンポジウム・セミナーの開催、政府への提言活動、会報等による情報発信、イベントへの参加、署名活動、国際会議への参加、現地における抗議行動、地元との交流、ジュゴンに関する歴史的文化的な調査などを行ってきました。 　2006年11月からは、ジュゴンの生態を詳しく知るため、研究者の助言・指導を受けながら、ジュゴンが海草を食べた後に残す食跡を定期的に調査しています。今後、この結果および既存の調査による科学的基礎データをもとに、沖縄のジュゴン個体群を存続・回復させるための具体的な方策や、確保・改善すべき環境の条件を提示し、ジュゴンが生きていける環境の実現をめざして行動していきます。 ジュゴンからみえる野生生物保護の道筋

Scientific articles ABConservation The relationship between the zoo community and ABConservation for an integrated conservation programme in Palawan, Philippines Read the article Sumatra Ecoproject Sunda Slow Loris Online Trade In Facebook, Tells Us Why It’s Unstoppable and Probably Damaging Local Genetic Read the article Team ZAN The Okinawa Dugong Read the article

Wombat Wombatidae I.U.C.N. : L.C. : Low Concern N.T. : Not Threatened VU : Vulnerable EN : Endangered CR : Critically Endangered EW : Extinct in the Wild EX : Extinct DD : Data Deficient C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I : strictly forbidden trade (or allowed by special agreements) Appendix II : restricted trade Appendix III : allowed trade not indexed : no C.I.T.E.S. status Common Wombat Vombatus ursinus U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat Lasiorhinus krefftii U.I.C.N. : CR - Critically Endangered C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I (01/07/1975) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Class A (20/05/2023) Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat Lasiorhinus latifrons U.I.C.N. : NT - Near Threatened C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Localization Australia Threats Annual and perennial non-timber crops Livestock farming and ranching Invasive, non-native and alien species Diseases (known and unknown) Droughts Population Common wombat (Vombatus ursinus ) : stable Northern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus krefftii ) : stable Southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons ) : decreasing Trade Australia : Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 Current as at 1 September 2024 Ownership of Protected Wildlife: Protected animals and plants are generally owned by the State. Ownership can transfer to individuals through licenses, permits, or conservation plans. Progeny of protected animals or plants often belong to the parent owner. Animals or plants that become protected due to new regulations remain the owner’s property unless specified otherwise. Liability and Rights: The State is not liable for incidents involving protected species. Existing property rights before wildlife becomes protected are preserved. Restrictions on Activities: Taking, keeping, or using protected animals without authorization can result in significant penalties, including fines and imprisonment. Certain exemptions apply, such as unintentional harm or cultural practices by Indigenous peoples. Special Restrictions: Dugongs and Marine Turtles: Selling or distributing these animals or their derivatives in commercial food premises is prohibited. Flying Foxes: Destroying, disturbing, or relocating their roosts is restricted unless specifically authorized. The laws aim to balance conservation efforts with individual ownership rights and impose severe penalties for unauthorized activities to protect biodiversity and promote responsible wildlife management. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) Australia has strict regulations for importing and exporting household pets, focusing on native and exotic species. Native Pets: The export of live native animals is highly regulated to protect Australian wildlife. Certain native pets, like cockatoos and budgerigars, can be taken abroad under strict conditions, such as non-commercial purposes and limited numbers. Owners must prove residency, ownership, and intention to permanently relocate overseas. Exotic Pets: Defined as non-native species, exotic pets are subject to import restrictions under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and Biosecurity Act 2015. Only species on the "Live Import List" are permitted. Illegally imported animals are prohibited, and offenders may face fines or imprisonment. Wildlife Trade Permits: Permits are needed for native and exotic pet trade, especially for species listed under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Australia’s regulations aim to protect its environment, prevent disease, and ensure humane treatment of animals. United States : Rules through the United States : Alabama: Restrictions on exotic animals like giant snails, bobcats, and venomous reptiles unless permitted before 2021. No release of non-native animals without a license. Alaska: Broad restrictions on wildlife, including wolf hybrids and chimpanzees. Some pets, like ferrets, are legal without a permit. Arizona: Extensive restrictions require permits for many species like primates, foxes, and Gila monsters. Permits are issued for specific purposes like education. Arkansas: Large carnivores and primates are restricted unless permitted before set years. Some venomous reptiles are allowed with permits, and up to six captive-bred animals like raccoons can be owned without a permit. California: Prohibits most wild animals, including bears and primates, but allows hybrids like Savannah cats. Colorado: Most exotic animals like primates and raccoons are banned, but hedgehogs and sugar gliders are allowed without permits. Connecticut: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and wolves. Limited ownership of primates allowed under specific conditions. Delaware: Requires permits for exotic animals; no comprehensive list of banned animals is provided. District of Columbia: Only common domestic pets like cats, dogs, and some birds are allowed. Exotic species are banned. Florida: Animals categorized into Classes I-III, with varying permit requirements. Non-dangerous animals like ferrets are exempt. Georgia: Strict permitting for wild animals like kangaroos and venomous snakes, while ferrets and sugar gliders are allowed under specific conditions. Hawaii: Most exotic animals, including hedgehogs and ferrets, are banned. A limited number of domesticated animals are permitted. Idaho: Prohibits animals harmful to agriculture, like wild boars and large cats. Llamas and guinea pigs are allowed without permits. Illinois: Restricts dangerous animals like large cats and wolves to organizations. Existing primates are allowed if registered. Indiana: Allows exotic animal ownership with permits for different classes, from squirrels to large predators. Iowa: Restricts dangerous wild animals unless permitted before 2007. Hybrids of domestic species are allowed. Kansas: Limits ownership of regulated animals like large cats, bears, and venomous snakes to approved facilities. Kentucky: Bans inherently dangerous animals like primates and bears. Some permits available for non-dangerous species. Louisiana: Requires permits for large snakes and prohibits endangered or dangerous species like bears and wolves. Maine: Broad restrictions on exotic pets like giraffes and kangaroos. Some exotic animals like coati are permitted. Maryland: Prohibits dangerous animals like primates and large cats unless registered before 2006. Massachusetts: Strict restrictions on endangered species and venomous reptiles. Ferrets allowed under specific conditions. Michigan: Restricts ownership of non-native species like large cats. Permits are available for captive-bred wildlife. Minnesota: Prohibits regulated animals like large cats unless registered before 2005. Mississippi: Requires liability insurance for permits to own inherently dangerous animals like elephants and primates. Missouri: Requires registration of dangerous reptiles and mammals with law enforcement. Montana: Requires annual permits for wild animals like large cats and bears. Many small exotics are legal without permits. Nebraska: Captive wildlife permits needed for most wild animals, excluding certain species like skunks and bears. Nevada: Relatively lenient, banning certain species like alligators but allowing primates and large cats. New Hampshire: Controlled species like armadillos and cougars require permits. New Jersey: Permits required for many species, including ferrets and primates. Some small animals are exempt. New Mexico: Regulates zoonotic disease carriers like skunks and raccoons; local laws may impose additional restrictions. New York: Prohibits most wild animals and hybrids; fines imposed for violations. North Carolina: Exotic pet laws vary by county or city; no statewide restrictions. North Dakota: Dangerous or hazardous animals like zebras and primates require licenses. Ohio: Strict laws after a 2011 incident, banning dangerous wild animals like tigers and bears without permits. Oklahoma: Permits required for venomous reptiles, while many exotic animals are exempt from regulation. Oregon: Prohibits wild cat species and large predators; permits available for service monkeys. Pennsylvania: Exotic wildlife permits required for animals like lions, wolves, and venomous snakes. Rhode Island: Only specific organizations can own wild carnivores like lions and tigers. South Carolina: Restricts large cats and apes unless registered by 2018. South Dakota: Permits required for most exotic animals, with specific rules for raccoon dogs. Tennessee: Classifies animals by risk level, requiring permits for certain classes. Texas: Requires a certificate of registration for dangerous wild animals like wild cats and primates. Utah: Controlled, noncontrolled, and prohibited animals require different levels of permitting. Vermont: Requires permits for exotic animals not on the unrestricted list. Virginia: Exotic animals like wild cats and crocodiles require permits. Washington: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and venomous snakes. West Virginia: Requires permits with strict conditions for keeping wild animals. Wisconsin: Requires licenses for wild animals, but some, like opossums and ground squirrels, are exempt. Wyoming: Requires permits for most wildlife unless specifically exempted. Highlights: Stringent Restrictions: Hawaii, California, and New York are among the strictest states. Lenient Laws: Indiana and Nevada allow more exotic animals with fewer restrictions. Common Prohibitions: Dangerous animals like large cats, bears, primates, and venomous reptiles are frequently restricted. Permits: Most states offer permits for special cases like education or scientific purposes. References : Species+ Vombatus ursinus (Common Wombat) Lasiorhinus krefftii (Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat) Lasiorhinus latifrons (Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat) Publications Office Nature Conservation Act 1992 Mangy marsupials: wombats are catching a deadly disease, and we urgently need a plan to help them Approved lists under the EPBC Act and nominating something for listing - DCCEEW Household pets - DCCEEW Laws on Exotic Animals for Each State

Parrots Psittaciformes Localization Africa, South and Central Americas, Oceania Threats Annual and perennial non-timber crops Wood plantations Selling as pets Population Decreasing U.I.C.N. : E.N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S : Trade European Union : 03/03/1997 : Official Journal of the European Communities PSITTACIFORMES spp.* ( II)-106 ( Parrots, etc. ) Psittacidae Annex A : Amazona arausiaca ( I ) ( Red-necked parrot) Amazona barbadensis ( I ) (Yellow-shouldered parrot) Amazona brasiliensis ( I ) ( Red-tailed parrot) Amazona guildingii ( I ) ( St Vincent parrot) Amazona imperialis ( I ) ( Imperial parrot) Amazona leucocephala ( I ) (Cuban parrot) Amazona pretrei ( I ) ( Red-spectacled parrot) Amazona rhodocorytha / Amazona dufresniana rhodocorytha ( I ) = ( Red-browed parrot) Amazona tucumana ( I ) (Tucuman parrot) Amazona versicolor ( I ) ( Saint Lucia parrot) Amazona vinacea ( I) (Vinaceous parrot) Amazona vittata ( I ) ( Puerto Rican parrot) Anodorhynchus spp. ( I ) ( Blue macaws) Ara ambigua ( I ) ( Great green macaw) Ara glaucogularis ( I ) (Blue-throated macaw) Ara macao ( I ) ( Scarlet macaw) Ara maracana (I (Blue-winged macaw) Ara militaris ( I ) ( Military macaw) Ara rubrogenys ( I ) (Red-fronted macaw) Aratinga guarouba ( I ) ( Golden parakeet) Cacatua goffini ( 1 ) (Tanimbar cockatoo) Cacatua haematuropygia (I) (Philippine cockatoo) Cacatua moluccensis ( I ) ( Salmon-crested cockatoo) Cyanopsitta spixii ( I ) ( Spix's macaw) Cyanoramphus auriceps forbesi ( I ) (Catham Island yellow-fronted parakeet) Cyanoramphus cookii ( I ) / Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cookii ( Norfolk parakeet) Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae ( I ) (Red-fronted parakeet) Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni ( I ) / Opopsitta diophtalma coxeni (Coxen's double-eyed fig parrot) Eos histrio ( I ) ( Red and blue lory) Geopsittacus occidentalis ( I ) / Pezoporus occidentalis (Night parrot) Neophema chrysogaster ( I ) ( Orange-bellied parrot) Ognorhychus icterotis ( I ) ( Yellow-eared parrot) Pezoporus wallicus ( I ) ( Ground parrot) Pionopsitta pileata ( I ) ( Pileated parrot) Probosciger aterrimus ( I ) ( Palm cockatoo) Psephotus chrysopterygius ( I ) ( Golden-shouldered parrot) Psephotus dissimilis ( I ) / Psephotus chrysopterygius ( Hooded parrot) Psephotus pulcherrimus p.e. ( I ) ( Paradise parrot) Psittacula echo ( I ) / Psittacula krameri echo ( Mauritius parakeet) Pyrrhura cruentata ( I ) ( Blue-throated parakeet) Rhynchopsitta spp. ( I ) (Thick-billed parrots) Strigops habroptilus ( I ) ( Kakapo ) Vini spp. ( II) ( Blue lorikeets) Annex C : Psittacula krameri ( III GH) ( Rose-ringed parakeet) Did you find a parrot for sale ? Indonesia Bukit Lawang, Bohorok North Sumatra, Indonesia Sumatra Ecoproject : info@sumeco.id Website : SUMECO (Sumatra Ecoproject) - Wildlife Conservation in Bukit Lawang, North Sumatra OURANOS Project : ouranosproject2023@gmail.com Sumatra Ecoproject OURANOS Project References : eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:31997R0338 : Official Journal of the European Communities

The role of Humans 人間の役割 10/01/2025 : English version / 英語版 : "The Role of Humans" Series: The Damaged Natural Environment Humans are part of nature, and have forgotten the history of how we have been sustained by the natural environment...where are we going? Touted as a place of "tourism" and "healing," Okinawa's future is by no means bright... Article : Son of a beach: Coastal development and the loss of natural beaches over time (1919 to 2018) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan - ScienceDirect Japanese version / 日本語版 : 「人間の役割」シリーズ　損なわれた自然環境　編 人間は自身が自然の中の一部であり、自然環境に生かされて来た歴史を忘れて…どこへ行くのか？ 「観光」と「癒し」と謳われる 沖縄の未来は決して明るくない。。。 記事: Son of a beach: Coastal development and the loss of natural beaches over time (1919 to 2018) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan - ScienceDirect 10/12/2024 : English version / 英語版 : Scientists need to be aware that there is a wise way to conserve the environment that is in line with the laws of nature, and they need to make efforts every day, without being caught up in immediate phenomena. Nami Okubo is wonderful for showing this through her actions and words. The conference : Can science conserve the coral reef ecosystem? (Nami Okubo) Japanese version / 日本語版 : 目先の現象だけに囚われずに、自然の摂理に沿った、賢い環境保全の道がある事を「科学者」は自覚し、日々努力が求められています。それを行動と発言で示されている大久保奈弥さん素敵です 。 会議： 科学でサンゴ礁生態系を保全できるのか？( 大久保奈弥さん)

Team ZAN's NEWS チーム・ザンの ニュース 07/03/2025 : English version / 英語版 : Plans to build a hotel in Nagura Bay, home to dugongs. Facebook page : https://www.facebook.com/teamzanokinawa Japanese version / 日本語版 : ジュゴンの生息する 名蔵湾にホテル建設計画 フェイスブックページ : https://www.facebook.com/teamzanokinawa 03/01/2025 : English version / 英語版 : A series of dugongs "starved to death" Global warming has caused an anomaly in the sea in Thailand... Why?! A series of dugongs "starved to death" Global warming has caused an anomaly in the sea in Thailand ... (Posted on January 3, 2025)|NTV NEWS NNN Japanese version / 日本語版 : 相次ぐジュゴンの“餓死” 地球温暖化でタイの海に異変が… : 一体なぜ！？相次ぐジュゴンの“餓死” 地球温暖化でタイの海に異変が…（2025年1月3日掲載）｜日テレNEWS NNN 31/12/2024 : English version / 英語版 : Killer Whale: A Complete History of Orca Research by Hiroyuki Mizuguchi. You can already buy it there (Japanese version) : シャチ: オルカ研究全史 | 水口 博也 |本 | 通販 | Amazon Japanese version / 日本語版 : 水口 博也 『シャチ : オルカ研究全史』 すでにそこで購入できます: シャチ: オルカ研究全史 | 水口 博也 |本 | 通販 | Amazon 22/12/2024 : English version / 英語版 : Recently, the Team Zan member and writer Urashima Etsuko (浦島悦子さん) has published this English bilingual version of a picture book about the Okinawa dugong ! You can already buy it there : Amazon.co.jp: ジュゴンの帰る海 英文対訳版 : 浦島悦子, なかち しずか, Marius Palz: 本 Japanese version / 日本語版 : 最近、チーム・ザン のメンバーで作家の浦島悦子さんが、沖縄のジュゴンに関する絵本の英語バイリンガル版を出版しました！ すでにそこで購入できます: Amazon.co.jp: ジュゴンの帰る海 英文対訳版 : 浦島悦子, なかち しずか, Marius Palz: 本

Loris, pottos and angwantibos Lorisidae I.U.C.N. : L.C. : Low Concern N.T. : Not Threatened VU : Vulnerable EN : Endangered CR : Critically Endangered EW : Extinct in the Wild EX : Extinct C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I : strictly forbidden trade (or allowed by special agreements) Appendix II : restricted trade Appendix III : allowed trade not indexed : no C.I.T.E.S. status Golden angwantibo Arctocebus aureus U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex B (20/05/2023) Calabar angwantibo Arctocebus calabarensis U.I.C.N. : NT - Not Threatened C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex B (20/05/2023) Gray slender loris Loris lydekkerianus U.I.C.N. : NT - Not Threatened C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex B (20/05/2023) Red slender loris Loris tardigradus U.I.C.N. : EN - En dangered C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex B (20/05/2023) Red slender loris Nycticebus bengalensis U.I.C.N. : EN - En dangered C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I (13/09/2007) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) Sunda slow loris / Greater slow loris Nycticebus coucang U.I.C.N. : EN - Endangered C.I.T.E.S: Appendix I (13/09/2007) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) Javan slow loris Nycticebus javanicus U.I.C.N. : CR - Critically Endangered C.I.T.E.S: Appendix I (13/09/2007) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) Kayan Slow Loris Nycticebus kayan U.I.C.N. : VU - Vulnerable C.I.T.E.S: Appendix I (13/09/2007) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) Pygmy slow loris Nycticebus pygmaeus U.I.C.N. : EN - Endangered C.I.T.E.S: Appendix I (13/09/2007) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) Milne-Edwards's Potto Perodicticus edwardsi U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S : No status East African potto Perodicticus ibeanus U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S: No status West African potto Perodicticus potto U.I.C.N. : NT - Not Threatened C.I.T.E.S: Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex B (20/05/2023) False potto Pseudopotto martini U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S: Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex B (20/05/2023) Localization South Asia, South-Eastern Asia (Lorises) West Africa and Central Africa (Angwantibos and pottos) Threats Annual and perennial non-timber crops Wood and pulp plantations Logging and wood harvesting Hunting Trapping Population Decreasing Trade Internet : According to Nekaris et al . (2015), the 100 videos viewed contained 122 individual slow lorises. Bengal slow loris (N. bengalensis ;37%) and pygmy slow loris (N. pygmaeus ;39%) occurred most frequently, followed by greater slow loris (N. coucang ;16%), Javan slow loris (N. javanicus ;4%) and Philippine slow loris (N. menagensis ;3%) as well as one purported hybrid (1%). Slow loris videos were predominantly uploaded from 5 countries, China (15%), Thailand (15%), Vietnam (7%), all slow loris range countries, Japan (28%) and Russia (12%). For China, 6 of the 15 individuals recorded were non-native species, and for Thailand, 5 of the 15 individuals recorded were not native to the country. With regard to age class, most slow lorises were adults (55%), followed by juveniles (23%) and infants (22%). All 100 videos found showed at least 1 negative condition, with 4% showing only 1 condition, but with nearly one third (31%) showing all 5 negative conditions. Presence of conditions included human contact (57%), daylight (87%), signs of stress and ill health (53%), unnatural environmental conditions (91%) and isolation from conspecifics (77%). In 49% of the videos at least 1 of the slow lorises present was obese. In 8 separate videos infections were observed around the muzzle of an individual, indicating that teeth had been removed, and 3 animals exhibited open wounds consistent with being bitten by a conspecific. The average duration of the videos was 129 ± 92.9 s; there was no relation between the duration of the video and the number of conditions shown. Cambodia : Cambodia lists them as protected, with penalties of one month in prison and fines of US$2.50 to US$250 in 2010 for anyone who catches, hunts, poisons, or transports them. Democratic Republic of Congo : West African potto (Perodicticus potto ) : Quota : 100 - Live (2024) France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. Guinea : APPLICATION OF ARTICLE XIII IN GUINEA Recommendation to maintain the suspension of trade for commercial purposes with Guinea in specimens of all CITES-listed species and other recommendations (23/11/2023) All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Guinea-Bissau : CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA 22/01/2018) The Secretariat informed Parties of the recommendation by the Standing Committee that all Parties suspend commercial trade with Guinea-Bissau and Liberia in specimens of CITES-listed species until further notice for failure to adopt appropriate legislative measures to implement the Convention. India : Ban on trade in wild fauna and flora, except certain specimens of Dalbergia latifolia and Dalbergia sissoo (26/03/2018) India permits the export of cultivated varieties of plant species included in Appendices I and II and has indicated that all products, other than the wood and wood products in the form of logs, timber, stumps, roots, bark, chips, powder, flakes, dust and charcoal, produced from wild sourced (W) Dalbergia sissoo and Dalbergia latifolia and authorized for export by a CITES Comparable Certificate issued by the competent authorities of India are exempted from the general ban. Such Dalbergia sissoo and Dalbergia latifolia specimens are harvested legally as per the regional and national laws of India and as per the prescribed management (working) plans, which are based on silvicultural principles and all are covered under Legal Procurement Certificate; all the material are sold from the Government timber depots through auction or are legally procured and can be exported legally. Starting on the date of this Notification, all the CITES Comparable Certificates will be issued with a footnote, stating that the wild (W) source specimens are covered under Legal Procurement Certificate as per regional and national laws in India. Indonesia : In Indonesia, the slow loris trade has been illegal since 1973, when the Agriculture Ministry passed Decree No. 66. This regulation was clarified in 1999 with Government Regulation No. 7 ("Protection of Wild Flora and Fauna") and Act No. 5 ("Biodiversity Conservation"). Violators are subject to five years in prison and a fine of 100 million rupiah (~US$10,000). Hundreds of Indonesian lorises are traded domestically every year, sold in open-air “bird markets,” by the side of the road, and even at shopping malls. Because they look cute and cuddly, they are desirable as pets or even as a kind of “living toy” for children. Buyers typically do not know anything about these animals and so are unaware of their endangered status. Local hunters work for specialized animal trade mafias. Traders will buy them and take them to the main markets in big cities, where customers will pay around 300,000 to 500,000 rupiahs (US$32 to US$54) for one animal. Often, the buyers are Western tourists or expatriates who sometimes pay up to 1,000,000 rupiahs (US$108). The buyers feel pity for these poor animals, although they don’t know that buying them is cruel—and technically illegal. Lorises are not well adapted to captivity and are very stress-sensitive. On top of this, owners usually have no idea how to care for their new purchases and do not feed their lorises a proper diet. Consequently, captive lorises often die of nutritional problems, pneumonia, and stress. One additional cause of death for traded lorises is dental infections, with a death rate of up to 90 percent. Lorises’ teeth are often brutally cut or pulled out by traders using nail cutters, causing unbearable pain. Lorises with no teeth are not able to fend for themselves in the wild, as they use their canines and a special venom they produce in their brachial glands to stun their prey and protect themselves from predators. These lorises are unreleasable and must remain in captivity the rest of their lives. (Sanchez, 2008) On the internet, loris bones have already be sold on the online platform TokopediaⓇ for traditional medicine and living individuals as pets . Laos : Recommendation to suspend trade for commercial purposes with the Lao People's Democratic Republic in specimens of all CITES-listed species and other recommendations (21/11/2023) All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Liberia : CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA 22/01/2018) The Secretariat informed Parties of the recommendation by the Standing Committee that all Parties suspend commercial trade with Guinea-Bissau and Liberia in specimens of CITES-listed species until further notice for failure to adopt appropriate legislative measures to implement the Convention. Philippines : CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (29/11-/2010) The export for commercial purposes of wild-caught specimens of wild terrestrial fauna is prohibited. Only specimens bred in captivity by breeders authorized and registered by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the CITES Management Authority for terrestrial wildlife, may be exported. This restriction has been in effect since 15 February 1994. Parties are urged to help the Philippines in implementing the bans mentioned above and to inform it of any attempts to import into their territories specimens subject to the prohibition. Togo : West African potto (Perodicticus potto ) : Quota : 10 - Wild-taken (2024) Read the article References : Is Tickling Torture? Assessing Welfare towards Slow Lorises (Nycticebus spp.) within Web 2.0 Videos | Folia Primatologica | Karger Publishers Indonesia’s Slow Lorises Suffer in Trade Dr. Karmele Llano Sanchez, International Animal Rescue - 105_v35_n2_2008-09.pdf Nekaris et al. 2010 , p. 882. Nekaris et al. 20 10 , p. 883. Nekaris and Munds 2010 , p. 390 McGreal 2007b . Species+ - CITES Notification: Philippines, Prohibition of trade in CITES specimens Arctocebus aureus (Golden Angwantibo) Arctocebus calabarensis (Calabar Angwantibo) Loris lydekkerianus (Grey Slender Loris) Loris tardigradus (Red Slender Loris) Nycticebus bengalensis (Bengal Slow Loris) Nycticebus coucang (Greater Slow Loris) Nycticebus javanicus (Javan Slow Loris) Nycticebus kayan (Kayan Slow Loris) Nycticebus pygmaeus (Pygmy Slow Loris) Perodicticus potto (West African Potto) Perodicticus ibeanus (East African Potto) Perodicticus edwardsi (Milne-Edwards's Potto) Publications Office - Official Journal of the European Union Notification to the Parties No. 2018/031 Letter template - Recommendation to suspend trade for commercial purposes with the Lao People's Democratic Republic in specimens of all CITES-listed species and other recommendations (21/11/2023) Notification to the Parties No. 2017/ Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Mission and methods ミッションと方法 English version / 英語版 : Team Zan is a dugong habitat research team in Okinawa coordinated by the association that watches over dugongs at the northern limit, and the official name is "Dugong Survey Team Zan" at the northern limit. "Zan" (or "Jean") is a typical name for dugongs in Okinawa, so we chose this as the name of the team. Investigation of Team Zan's bite marks It is difficult to investigate the behavior of the dugong itself because the number of dugongs in Okinawa is too small, but the bite marks left after the dugong uproots the seagrass remain for a while until the seagrass regenerates, so it is possible to grasp the habitat of the dugong to some extent by regularly examining the bite marks. The food trace survey is carried out by the "manta ray method". What is the Manta Ray Method? While traveling back and forth by boat within the set survey area, the surveyor pulled by the boat visually searches for the bite marks of the seagrass beds. When we find bite marks, we measure their size (length, width, depth) and record the type of seaweed and the degree of coverage. By doing this, we would like to know where dugongs are, what kind of seaweed they eat, and how much. How do you use the results of your research? In order to protect them, it is necessary to know the situation of the dugong, which is the object of protection, and to know the situation and changes in the seagrass, which is the only food of the dugong. By continuing this research, we will be able to create basic data for protection measures. Citizen Survey on Dugongs and Their Habitats in Okinawa Watching over dugongs at the northern limit The Okinawan dugong is a local population that inhabits the northernmost part of the world, but its number is estimated to be less than 50 and its survival is in danger. Although it is a national natural monument and is designated as an "endangered IA" species with the highest threat of extinction in the Red Data Book of Okinawa Prefecture, dugongs are not listed in the Red Data Book of the Ministry of the Environment, and the government has not yet taken concrete measures to protect them. Our mission is to save the Okinawan dugong from extinction as a local population and to restore its habitat and population. At the same time, we recognize that it is a major role of the association to convey the importance of protecting ecosystems, including wildlife. In particular, dugongs feed only on seagrass that grows in shallow waters several meters deep near the shore, so they are destined to be unable to leave the coast near the place of human activity. Therefore, it is important to understand that the ability of dugongs to maintain an environment in which they can live depends on human behavior. The specific goal of our activities is to conduct surveys in collaboration with local citizens and researchers, to identify appropriate protection measures with a solid scientific background, and to implement specific protection measures based on these surveys. In the future, I would like to have the national government set up protected areas and establish a system that steadily implements ecosystem management. There are three threats facing dugongs in Okinawa. The first is the relocation of the Futenma Air Base to Henoko, which is one of the important habitats for dugongs due to the spread of vast seagrass beds, the second is bycatch by fishing nets, and the thirdThe first is the deterioration of habitat environments, including seagrass beds. In order to eliminate these problems, take conservation measures, and manage habitats, it is necessary to conduct scientific investigations, analyses, and examinations that form the basis of these problems. On the other hand, regarding the issue of the relocation of the Futenma Air Base, there is a concern that the impact assessment of the base on dugongs and their habitats will not be justified. Environmental assessments in Japan are watered down and dysfunctional as a tool for preserving the environment for businesses. The reality in Japan today is that scientists have challenged the results of the assessments, presented fair assessments of the impact of the project, and warned about the impact of the project, despite the fact that it is being enforced. In view of this reality and the fact that there are almost no researchers specializing in dugongs in Japan, we have decided to conduct a survey to assess the impact of the base and to protect dugongs in cooperation with overseas researchers and the international community. The government has said that it will shorten the period of the environmental assessment, and there are concerns that it will not be properly evaluated. In order to prevent the construction of the base unnecessarily, we will appeal for the protection of dugongs and their habitats based on scientific evidence, with the cooperation of overseas dugong researchers under "external pressure." 【Outline of the Survey】 The urgent task is to clarify the current situation and changes in the ecology of dugongs and their important habitat, seagrass beds, for conservation. This is very important for assessing the impact of human activities, including the relocation of bases, and it is impossible to continue to carry out the necessary monitoring surveys without cooperation with local residents. In addition, we believe that communication with residents through such activities will lead to an understanding of the importance of local ecosystems and measures to combat bycatch, which is a major threat to dugongs. Therefore, in order to lay the foundation for community-based resident-led survey and conservation activities, the following surveys and activities will be conducted. (1) Literature survey on precedents of dugong conservation activities by residents Dugong populations outside of Japan and manatee populations, which are close relatives of dugongs, are also in danger of survival. In many of these habitats, citizens in collaboration with researchers are actively engaged in habitat surveys and conservation activities. We will investigate these precedents and utilize the knowledge gained from them in research and conservation activities in Okinawa. (2) Monitoring surveys of dugongs and their habitats led by local residents The number of dugongs in Okinawa is so small that it is difficult to investigate the behavior of the dugongs themselves. However, as they crawl along the seabed, they uproot the seagrass that grows in the sandy areas of the seabed, leaving their food marks like streaks. Since these traces remain for a while until the seagrass regenerates, regular and comprehensive investigation of these will reveal which sea areas dugongs use as their main feeding grounds, how much they use them, whether they change their feeding grounds seasonally, and how the conditions of seaweed beds and dugongs change from year to year. The results of this survey will be analyzed together with the results of the "wide-area survey of dugongs and seaweed beds" conducted by the Ministry of the Environment at a large cost in FY13~17, and will be used as basic data for considering what should be protected and how to protect and improve it with the guidance of researchers. Since the survey needs to cover a large area on a regular basis, it was decided to adopt the "manta ray" method. This method has also been adopted by the Ministry of the Environment and the Defense Facilities Agency for food site surveys, in which a snorkel surveyor is slowly towed by a boat to search for food remains in the seagrass beds below. Prior to the start of monitoring, in November 2006, an overseas researcher with a lot of experience in field surveys of dugongs and seaweed beds2Residents and members of the association were trained in the survey, and preliminary surveys and discussions were held to determine the details of the survey methodology. As a result, a number of issues have emerged. In the future, while tackling these issues, we will train new survey members and conduct full-scale surveys at a pace of four times a year. The results of this survey are expected to provide important data for the Okinawan dugong "rights of nature" lawsuit pending in the United States. (3) Awareness-raising activities among local residents to obtain cooperation in community-based and sustained surveys and to enable the acceptance of effective protection measures Such sustained research and conservation activities cannot be realized without gaining the understanding, trust, and cooperation of fishermen and residents engaged in coastal fisheries. We will discuss and create many opportunities for activities to discuss and work together on how to protect the local life while protecting the local natural ecosystem, including dugongs. (4) Preparation of a guidebook summarizing the survey and dugong conservation roadmap In order to encourage more people to participate in surveys and conservation activities, expand the circle of this initiative, and achieve results, we will draw a roadmap of a food trace survey manual and a vision for protecting and restoring the dugong population in Okinawa, and compile and distribute and use it as a guidebook. Japanese version / 日本語版 : チーム・ザンは北限のジュゴンを見守る会がコーディネートする 沖縄のジュゴンの生息環境調査チームで 正式名称は、『北限のジュゴン調査チーム・ザン』と言います。 『ザン』（または『ジャン』）は 沖縄でのジュゴンの代表的な呼び方であることから これを、チームの名前にしました。 チーム・ザンの食み跡調査 沖縄のジュゴンは数が少なすぎるために、ジュゴンそのものの行動を調査することは難しいのですが、ジュゴンが海草を根こそぎ食べた後に残される食み跡は、海草が再生してくるまでの間しばらく残るので、食み跡を定期的に調べることでジュゴンの生息状況をある程度把握することができます。 食跡調査は『マンタ法』によって行います。 マンタ法って？ 設定した調査範囲内を船で往復しながら、船に引かれる調査員が海草藻場の食み跡を目視で探します。食み跡を見つけたら、そのサイズ（長さ、幅、深さ）を計測し、海草の種類や被度などを記録します。これによって、ジュゴンがどんな場所で、どんな海草を、どのくらい食べているのかを知りたいと考えています。 調査結果をどう役立てるの？ 保護するためには、保護する対象であるジュゴンの状況を知ること、 そしてジュゴンの唯一の食糧である海草の状況や変化を知る必要があります。 この調査を継続していくことで、保護対策のための基礎データができていくのです。 沖縄のジュゴンとその生息環境に関する市民調査 北限のジュゴンを見守る会 沖縄のジュゴンは、世界の最北限に生息する地域個体群であるが、その数は50頭未満と推定され存続の危機にある。国の天然記念物であり、沖縄県のレッドデータブックでは絶滅の恐れが最も高い「絶滅危惧ＩＡ類」に指定されていながら、ジュゴンは環境省のレッドデータブックには記載されておらず、国はいまだ具体的な保護対策には動いていない。 当会のミッションは、沖縄のジュゴンを地域個体群としての絶滅の危機から救い、その生息環境と個体数を回復させることである。それと同時に、野生生物を含む生態系を守ることの重要性を人々に伝えることも当会の大きな役割と認識している。とくに、ジュゴンは岸に近い深さ数mの浅い海域に生えている海草を唯一の食糧としているため、人間活動の場に近い沿岸から離れられない宿命を背負っている。したがってジュゴンが生きていける環境を保持できるかどうかは、人間の行動にかかっていることを知ってもらわねばならない。 当会の活動の具体的な目標は、地元市民および研究者と連携した調査の実施により、しっかりとした科学的バックグラウンドを持って、適切な保護方策を見極め、それに基づいた具体的な保護方策を実践していくことである。将来的には国に保護区を設定させ、生態系のマネジメントを着実に実施するような体制にもっていきたい。 【ジュゴン保護に向けて】 　沖縄のジュゴンが直面している脅威は３つある。ひとつは、広大な海草藻場がひろがりジュゴンの重要な生息地の１つとなっている辺野古への普天間基地移設、2つ目は漁網による混獲、3つ目は海草藻場をはじめとした生息環境の悪化である。これらの問題を取り除いて保護策を講じ、生息地の管理を行っていくためには、いずれにしてもその基礎となる科学的な調査と解析、検討が必要とされる。一方、普天間基地移設問題については、ジュゴンおよびその生息地に関する基地の影響評価が正当になされない危惧がある。わが国の環境アセスメントは骨抜きであり、事業に対して環境を保全するツールとしては機能不全に陥っている。諫早干拓問題、石垣新空港問題などにおいても、科学者たちがアセスメントの結果に異議を唱え、事業の影響について正当な評価を提示し、警告しているにもかかわらず、強行されるのが今の日本の現実である。当会は、このような現実および日本にはジュゴンを専門とする研究者がほとんどいないことを鑑み、海外研究者および国際的なコミュニティとの連携の上で基地の影響評価およびジュゴンの保護方策に向けての調査を実施することとした。政府は環境アセスメントの調査期間を短縮して行うとしており、まっとうな評価がなされないことが懸念される。なしくずしに基地建設にいたることのないよう、海外のジュゴン研究者の「外圧」の協力を得ながら、科学的根拠に基づいてジュゴンと生息地の保護を訴えていく。 【調査の概要】 　喫緊の課題は、保護に向けてジュゴンの生態およびその重要な生息環境である海草藻場の現状と変動を明らかにすることである。これは、基地の移設も含めた人間活動の影響を評価する上で非常に重要であり、そのために必要なモニタリング調査を継続して実施していくことは地元住民との連携なくしては不可能である。また、このような活動を通しての住民とのコミュニケーションは、地域の生態系の重要性についての理解、ひいてはジュゴンにとっての大きな脅威である混獲の対策への理解につながるものと考える。 そこで、地域に根ざした住民主体の調査活動、保護活動の基礎を築くために、以下の調査および活動を行う。 （１）住民によるジュゴン保護活動の先行事例についての文献調査 日本以外の各地のジュゴン個体群、ジュゴンの近縁であるマナティ個体群もまた、その存続が危ぶまれているところが多い。それらの生息地では研究者と連携した市民による生息地の調査活動や保護活動が熱心に行われているところが多数ある。これらの先行事例を調査し、そこから得られる知見を沖縄における調査・保護活動に活かす。 （２）地域住民を主体とした、ジュゴンとその生息環境のモニタリング調査 　沖縄のジュゴンは数が少なすぎるために、ジュゴンそのものの行動を調査することは困難である。しかし、彼らは海底を這うように前進しながら海底の砂地に生えている海草を根こそぎ食べるために、その食跡が筋のように残される。この跡は海草が再生してくるまでの間しばらく残ることから、これらを定期的、網羅的に調べれば、ジュゴンがどの海域を主たる餌場とし、どの程度利用しているか、季節的に餌場を変えているのか、年々の藻場の状況とジュゴンの利用状況はどう変化しているか、などを明らかにしていくことができる。この調査結果と環境省が平成13～17年度に多額の費用をかけて実施した「ジュゴンと藻場の広域的調査」の結果を合わせて解析し、研究者の指導を得ながら何をどう保護し、改善していくべきかを検討するための基礎データとする予定である。 調査は広域を定期的にカバーする必要があるため、｢マンタ法｣を採用することにした。この手法は環境省や防衛施設庁も食跡調査に採用しているもので、シュノーケルをつけた調査員がボートでゆっくりと曳航されながら眼下にある海草藻場の食跡を探すというものである。モニタリング開始に先立って、2006年11月に、ジュゴンと藻場の野外調査の多くの経験を持つ海外の研究者2名を招へいし、住民と当会メンバーが調査のトレーニングを受け、調査手法の詳細を決めるための予備調査とディスカッションを行った。この結果、いくつもの課題が浮き上がってきた。今後これらの課題と取り組みつつ、新たな調査メンバーを育てながら、本格的な調査を年に4回のペースで実施していく。なお、この調査結果は、米国において提訴中の沖縄のジュゴン「自然の権利」訴訟においても重要なデータとなることが期待されている。 （３）地域に根ざした持続的な調査への協力を得、有効な保護方策の受容を可能 にするための地域住民の啓発活動 このような持続的調査・保護活動は、沿岸で漁業を営む漁民や住民の理解と信頼を得、協力を得ていくことなしに実現はできない。ジュゴンを含む地域の自然生態系を守りながら地域の生活を守っていくにはどうすればよいのか、ともに話し合い、活動する機会を多く設けていく。 （４）調査およびジュゴン保護ロードマップをまとめたガイドブックの作成 　より多くの人に調査や保護活動に参加してもらい、この取組みの輪を広げ、成果をあげていくために、食跡調査マニュアルと沖縄のジュゴン個体群を保護・回復させていくためのビジョンをロードマップに描き、ガイドブックとしてとりまとめて配布、活用する。 sea-dugong.org/trailsurvey.htm 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Armadillos Dasypodidae I.U.C.N. : L.C. : Low Concern N.T. : Not Threatened VU : Vulnerable EN : Endangered CR : Critically Endangered EW : Extinct in the Wild EX : Extinct DD : Data Deficient C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I : strictly forbidden trade (or allowed by special agreements) Appendix II : restricted trade Appendix III : allowed trade not indexed : no C.I.T.E.S. status Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo Cabassous centralis U.I.C.N. : DD C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Greater Naked-tailed Armadillo Cabassous tatouay U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix III (Uruguay) - (14/07/1976) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Class C - Uruguay (20/05/2023) Andean hairy armadillo Chaetophractus nationi U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix II (18/09/1997) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Class C - Uruguay (20/05/2023) Screaming Hairy Armadillo Chaetophractus vellerosus U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Greater Long-nosed Armadillo Dasypus kappleri U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Photo : © 2018 Feijó et al. Anderson Feijó, Bruce D. Patterson, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela (2018) - Taxonomic revision of the long-nosed armadillos, Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Cingulata) | PLOS ONE Southern Long-Nosed Armadillo Dasypus hybridus U.I.C.N. : NT - Near Threatened C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Yepes's mulita Dasypus mazzai U.I.C.N. : DD - Data Deficient C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Photo : © 2018 Feijó et al. Anderson Feijó, Bruce D. Patterson, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela (2018) - Taxonomic revision of the long-nosed armadillos, Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Cingulata) | PLOS ONE Nine-banded Armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Hairy Long-nosed Armadillo Dasypus pilosus U.I.C.N. : DD - Data Deficient C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Photo : © 2018 Feijó et al. Anderson Feijó, Bruce D. Patterson, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela (2018) - Taxonomic revision of the long-nosed armadillos, Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Cingulata) | PLOS ONE Brazilian Lesser Long-nosed Armadillo Dasypus septemcinctus U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Photo : © 2018 Feijó et al. Anderson Feijó, Bruce D. Patterson, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela (2018) - Taxonomic revision of the long-nosed armadillos, Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Cingulata) | PLOS ONE Hairy Long-nosed Armadillo Dasypus sabanicola U.I.C.N. : NT - Near Threatened C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Photo : © 2018 Feijó et al. Anderson Feijó, Bruce D. Patterson, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela (2018) - Taxonomic revision of the long-nosed armadillos, Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Cingulata) | PLOS ONE Giant armadillo Priodontes maximus U.I.C.N. : VU - Vulnerable C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I (01/07/1975) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Class A - (20/05/2023) Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo Tolypeutes tricinctus U.I.C.N. : VU - Vulnerable C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Southern Three-banded Armadillo Tolypeutes matacus U.I.C.N. : NT - Near Threatened C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Localization Americas Threats Housing & urban areas Annual & perennial non-timber crops Wood & pulp plantations Livestock farming & ranching Roads & railroads Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals Trade Argentina : Restrictions on trade in certain species (16/01/2006) [Suspension for CLASS Mammalia] [Stricter domestic measures] The export of all live specimens of native species of mammals (with the exception of: species subject to management plans and export quotas; specimens bred in captivity in registered operations; species considered as pests or harmful under current legislation; pets; specimens for zoological, cultural or educational exhibitions). Specimens of such species may be exported after the Argentine Management Authority has verified on a case-by-case basis that the export is in conformity with current national legislation and issued a CITES permit. Andean hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus nationi ) : Quota : 0 (2024) - All (Note: established by the Conference of the Parties) Bolivia : Andean hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus nationi ) : Quota : 0 (2024) - All, all sources (Note: established by the Conference of the Parties) Chile : Andean hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus nationi ) : Quota : 0 (2024) - All (Note: established by the Conference of the Parties) France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. Panama : Suspension of the issuance of export permits for wild-harvested specimens (W) (05/05/2023) [Stricter domestic measures] The issuance of export permits for all wildlife specimens harvested from the wild (W) for commercial purposes (T) has been suspended. Peru : Andean hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus nationi ) : Quota : 0 (2024) - All (Note: established by the Conference of the Parties) United States : Alabama: Restrictions on exotic animals like giant snails, bobcats, and venomous reptiles unless permitted before 2021. No release of non-native animals without a license. Alaska: Broad restrictions on wildlife, including wolf hybrids and chimpanzees. Some pets, like ferrets, are legal without a permit. Arizona: Extensive restrictions require permits for many species like primates, foxes, and Gila monsters. Permits are issued for specific purposes like education. Arkansas: Large carnivores and primates are restricted unless permitted before set years. Some venomous reptiles are allowed with permits, and up to six captive-bred animals like raccoons can be owned without a permit. California: Prohibits most wild animals, including bears and primates, but allows hybrids like Savannah cats. Colorado: Most exotic animals like primates and raccoons are banned, but hedgehogs and sugar gliders are allowed without permits. Connecticut: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and wolves. Limited ownership of primates allowed under specific conditions. Delaware: Requires permits for exotic animals; no comprehensive list of banned animals is provided. District of Columbia: Only common domestic pets like cats, dogs, and some birds are allowed. Exotic species are banned. Florida: Animals categorized into Classes I-III, with varying permit requirements. Non-dangerous animals like ferrets are exempt. Georgia: Strict permitting for wild animals like kangaroos and venomous snakes, while ferrets and sugar gliders are allowed under specific conditions. Hawaii: Most exotic animals, including hedgehogs and ferrets, are banned. A limited number of domesticated animals are permitted. Idaho: Prohibits animals harmful to agriculture, like wild boars and large cats. Llamas and guinea pigs are allowed without permits. Illinois: Restricts dangerous animals like large cats and wolves to organizations. Existing primates are allowed if registered. Indiana: Allows exotic animal ownership with permits for different classes, from squirrels to large predators. Iowa: Restricts dangerous wild animals unless permitted before 2007. Hybrids of domestic species are allowed. Kansas: Limits ownership of regulated animals like large cats, bears, and venomous snakes to approved facilities. Kentucky: Bans inherently dangerous animals like primates and bears. Some permits available for non-dangerous species. Louisiana: Requires permits for large snakes and prohibits endangered or dangerous species like bears and wolves. Maine: Broad restrictions on exotic pets like giraffes and kangaroos. Some exotic animals like coati are permitted. Maryland: Prohibits dangerous animals like primates and large cats unless registered before 2006. Massachusetts: Strict restrictions on endangered species and venomous reptiles. Ferrets allowed under specific conditions. Michigan: Restricts ownership of non-native species like large cats. Permits are available for captive-bred wildlife. Minnesota: Prohibits regulated animals like large cats unless registered before 2005. Mississippi: Requires liability insurance for permits to own inherently dangerous animals like elephants and primates. Missouri: Requires registration of dangerous reptiles and mammals with law enforcement. Montana: Requires annual permits for wild animals like large cats and bears. Many small exotics are legal without permits. Nebraska: Captive wildlife permits needed for most wild animals, excluding certain species like skunks and bears. Nevada: Relatively lenient, banning certain species like alligators but allowing primates and large cats. New Hampshire: Controlled species like armadillos and cougars require permits. New Jersey: Permits required for many species, including ferrets and primates. Some small animals are exempt. New Mexico: Regulates zoonotic disease carriers like skunks and raccoons; local laws may impose additional restrictions. New York: Prohibits most wild animals and hybrids; fines imposed for violations. North Carolina: Exotic pet laws vary by county or city; no statewide restrictions. North Dakota: Dangerous or hazardous animals like zebras and primates require licenses. Ohio: Strict laws after a 2011 incident, banning dangerous wild animals like tigers and bears without permits. Oklahoma: Permits required for venomous reptiles, while many exotic animals are exempt from regulation. Oregon: Prohibits wild cat species and large predators; permits available for service monkeys. Pennsylvania: Exotic wildlife permits required for animals like lions, wolves, and venomous snakes. Rhode Island: Only specific organizations can own wild carnivores like lions and tigers. South Carolina: Restricts large cats and apes unless registered by 2018. South Dakota: Permits required for most exotic animals, with specific rules for raccoon dogs. Tennessee: Classifies animals by risk level, requiring permits for certain classes. Texas: Requires a certificate of registration for dangerous wild animals like wild cats and primates. Utah: Controlled, noncontrolled, and prohibited animals require different levels of permitting. Vermont: Requires permits for exotic animals not on the unrestricted list. Virginia: Exotic animals like wild cats and crocodiles require permits. Washington: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and venomous snakes. West Virginia: Requires permits with strict conditions for keeping wild animals. Wisconsin: Requires licenses for wild animals, but some, like opossums and ground squirrels, are exempt. Wyoming: Requires permits for most wildlife unless specifically exempted. Highlights: Stringent Restrictions: Hawaii, California, and New York are among the strictest states. Lenient Laws: Indiana and Nevada allow more exotic animals with fewer restrictions. Common Prohibitions: Dangerous animals like large cats, bears, primates, and venomous reptiles are frequently restricted. Permits: Most states offer permits for special cases like education or scientific purposes. References : Species+ Laws on Exotic Animals for Each State Notification to the Parties 2023 Cabassous centralis (Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo) Publications Office Andean hairy armadillo - Wikipedia Tolypeutes tricinctus (Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo) Tolypeutes matacus (Southern Three-banded Armadillo) Priodontes maximus (Giant Armadillo) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Laws on Exotic Animals for Each State Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance Taxonomic revision of the long-nosed armadillos, Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Cingulata) | PLOS ONE - Anderson Feijó, Bruce D. Patterson, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela Dasypus novemcinctus (Nine-banded Armadillo) Dasypus kappleri (Greater Long-nosed Armadillo) Dasypus pilosus (Hairy Long-nosed Armadillo) Dasypus sabanicola (Northern Long-nosed Armadillo) Dasypus septemcinctus (Brazilian Lesser Long-nosed Armadillo) Yepes's mulita - Wikipedia Dasypus hybridus (Southern Long-Nosed Armadillo)