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Zoophilia and Bestiality Note : The term "bestiality" refers, for some of countries, to all sexual acts of a non-heterosexual nature between consenting adults. Legislation by country: ​ Germany : Article 184a of the Penal Code Anyone who publishes pornographic content (§ 11 paragraph 3) with the subject of acts of violence or sexual acts between humans and animals shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years or a fine. 1.broadcast or made available to the public, or 2.manufactures, obtains, supplies, stores, offers, advertises or undertakes to import or export it for the purpose of using it within the meaning of point 1 or to enable any other person to do so. 2 In the cases referred to in sentence 1 number 1, the attempt shall be punishable by law. Distribution of pornographic, violent or animal content ​ Australia : Bestiality is illegal, but each Australian state can repeal the legislation if desired. ​ Belgium : Is not legally defined, but has been unofficially considered a misdemeanor since 2007. Possible conviction for public indecency. ​ Bulgaria : Zoophilia is not sanctioned by law; Physical cruelty to an animal is punished. ​ Canada : Section 160(1) of the Criminal Code, Part V, prohibits bestiality. ​ Danemark : Zoophilia is penalized since 2015.​​​​ ​ ​ ​ Ethiopia : Bestiality is illegal and "punishable by law". ​ Finland : Zoophilia is legal as long as no physical injury is inflicted on the animal54 ; Formerly recognized as illegal but legalized in 1971. Sharing pornographic zoophile videos is legal, but trading them is illegal. ​ France : Law of 30/11/2021 "Sexual abuse of a domesticated animal, tamed or kept in captivity is punishable by three years' imprisonment and a fine of 45,000 euros." 40. As an additional penalty, the court may prohibit the keeping of an animal, whether permanently or not, as well as registration with the FIJAIS. "Art. 521-1-3.-The act of proposing or soliciting acts constituting sexual abuse of an animal as defined in Article 521-1-1, by any means whatsoever, is punishable by one year's imprisonment and a fine of 15,000 euros." "Art. 521-1-2.-The act of complicity in serious abuse, acts of cruelty or sexual abuse of a domesticated animal, tamed or kept in captivity, provided for in the first paragraph of Articles 521-1 and 521-1-1, and is punishable by the penalties provided for in the same Articles 521-1 and 521-1-1, the fact of knowingly recording, by any means whatsoever and on any medium whatsoever, shall constitute an act of complicity in serious abuse, acts of cruelty or sexual abuse of a domesticated animal, tamed or kept in captivity, and shall be punishable by the penalties provided for in the same Articles 521-1 and 521-1-1, and shall be punishable by the penalties provided for in the same Articles 521-1 and 521-1-1, the fact of knowingly recording, by any means whatsoever and on any medium whatsoever, images relating to the commission of the offences mentioned in this paragraph. It is an act of complicity in the mistreatment of an animal and is punishable by the fine provided for fourth class offences, to knowingly record, by any means whatsoever and on any medium whatsoever, images relating to the commission of the aforementioned offence of ill-treatment. "The act of disseminating the recording of such images on the internet is punishable by two years in prison and a fine of 30,000 euros. "This article shall not apply when the recording, possession, dissemination or consultation of these images is intended to make a contribution to a public debate in the public interest or to serve as evidence in court." ​ Ghana : Zoophilia is illegal. "Unnatural carnal knowledge" is not permitted under the Criminal Code ofGhana.64 ​ Hungary : Zoophilia is legal; Physical cruelty to an animal is punished. ​ India : Zoophilia is illegal under Section 377 of the CPI (Indian Penal Code). ​ Japan : Zoophilia is not mentioned in the law, but physical cruelty to the animals is punishable. ​ Mexico : Bestiality is legal. ​ Norway : Besticity has been illegal since 2008. (sources) ​ Netherlands : Bestiality has been legal since 2010. ​ Romania : Zoophilia is legal; Physical cruelty to an animal is punished. ​ Russia : Zoophilia, like all practices other than heterosexual between consenting adults, is considered a mental illness and can be equivalent to compulsory psychiatric internment; If the owner of the animal files a complaint, it can become a crime that can be punished by prison. ​ Spain : Bestiality is not legally reprimanded, but there are laws against animal abuse.​ ​ Switzerland : Article 135 of the Criminal Code: 1 Anyone who manufactures, imports, deposits, puts into circulation, promotes, exhibits, offers, shows, makes available, makes available, acquires, obtains electronically or in any other way or possesses sound or visual recordings, images, other objects or representations that insistently depict acts of cruelty to adults or animals or ineffective acts of cruelty to minors that seriously violate human dignity, without any cultural or scientific value worthy of protection, shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for a term not exceeding three years or by a financial penalty. If the objects or representations contain actual acts of violence against minors, the perpetrator shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for a term not exceeding five years or a financial penalty. 2 Anyone who consumes or, for his own consumption, manufactures, imports, takes on deposit, acquires, obtains electronically or in any other way or possesses objects or representations within the meaning of para. 1, 1st sentence, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term not exceeding one year or by a financial penalty. If the objects or representations contain actual acts of violence against minors, the perpetrator shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for a term not exceeding three years or a financial penalty. 3 Objects are confiscated. ​ Article 197 of the Criminal Code: 4 Anyone who manufactures, imports, deposits, puts into circulation, promotes, exhibits, offers, shows, makes available, makes available, acquires, obtains electronically or in any other way or possesses objects or representations referred to in para. 1, which contains sexual acts with animals, acts of violence between adults or sexual acts of an ineffective nature with minors, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term not exceeding three years or by a financial penalty. If the objects or representations contain actual sexual acts with minors, the penalty is a custodial sentence of up to five years or a financial penalty. 5 Anyone who consumes or, for his or her own consumption, manufactures, imports, takes on deposit, acquires, obtains electronically or in any other way or possesses objects or representations referred to in para. 1, which contains sexual acts with animals, acts of violence between adults or ineffective sexual acts with minors, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term not exceeding one year or by a financial penalty. If the objects or representations contain actual sexual acts with minors, the penalty is a custodial sentence of up to three years or a financial penalty. 6 In the event of an offence within the meaning of paragraphs 4 and 5, the objects shall be confiscated. 7 If the perpetrator acts with the intention of enrichment, the judge shall impose a pecuniary penalty in addition to the custodial sentence. 9 The objects and representations referred to in paras. 1 to 5 that have a cultural or scientific value worthy of protection are not pornographic in nature. Türkiye : Bestiality, like all non-heterosexual practices between adults who are either single or married together, is considered a crime punishable by imprisonment. ​ United Kingdom : Sexual Offences Act (2003): A person commits an offence who: intentionally performs an act of penetration with his penis, what is penetrated is the vagina or anus of a living animal, and He knows it, or he doesn't care if it's what is being penetrated. ​ A person (A) commits an offence if: A intentionally causes or allows penetration of A's vagina or anus, penetration is through the penis of a living animal, and A knows this, or does not care whether it is by this that A is penetrated. ​ A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to a fine not exceeding the law, or to both; on indictment, to a term of imprisonment not exceeding 2 years. ​ United States : Recognized as a serious or "unnatural" crime: North Carolina, Louisiana and Puerto Rico ​ Recognized as a major crime in the following states: Arizona, North Carolina, South Carolina, South Dakota, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Virginia, and Washington ​ Recognized as a misdemeanor in the following states: Alaska, Arkansas, Californie, Floride, Iowa, Louisiane, Maryland, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, État de New York, Dakota du Nord, Oregon, Pennsylvanie, Utah et Wisconsin.​​ ​ Zambia : Zoophilia is illegal. Article 115 of the penal code prohibits "unnatural acts", including "carnal relations with an animal". ​ ​ References: Article L512-1-1 - Internal Security Code - Légifrance (legifrance.gouv.fr) Fight against animal abuse (Legislative file in unfolded version) - National Assembly (assemblee-nationale.fr) Articles | Animal Legal & Historical Center (animallaw.info) Zoophilia — Wikipédia (wikipedia.org) (27/04/2024) SR 311.0 - Swiss Criminal Code of 21 December 1937 | Fedlex (admin.ch)

Saiga antelope Saiga Saiga antelope. Credit: Richard Reading U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters Localization Saiga tatartica : middle Asie Saiga mongoliana : Mongolia ​ Threats Traditional medicine Poaching Diseases ​ Population Growing populations ​ I.U.C.N. : N.T. - Near Threatened (updated 11/12/2023) C.I.T.E.S : Appendix II Bonn Convention : Appendix II ​ Trade ​Global Asia : The horns of males are very popular in traditional Asian medicine.​ ​ Chine (P.R.C.) : WORKSHOP ON THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF SAIGA ANTELOPE Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (27-29/09/2010) Unexplained catastrophic population declines and subsequent recoveries were observed throughout the species' range in the early to mid-1900s. The current decline can be attributed to the combined effects of changes in vegetation to species less palatable to saiga antelope, competition with domestic livestock, increased abundance of predators, disruption of migration routes, poaching and illegal trade. Continued poaching for meat and the illegal trade in horns are seriously exacerbating conservation efforts, especially at this time when all populations of the species are declining. [...] ​ Sustainable use and trade regulation: Formalize the lines of communication started at the workshop (e.g. through the CITES range and consumer State authorities) and use these lines of communication to: i) Explore possible bilateral collaboration between Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and range states ii) Develop options for the establishment of a fund or other enabling mechanism through which the TCM industry could provide financial, technical and human resources to range States to address identified and mutually agreed priorities for in situ restoration of saiga trees. iii) Identify and establish incentive programs that benefit local communities within the saiga range and gain their support for conservation efforts. iv) To explore the feasibility and means of using horns from natural sources, mortality, and government or judicial confiscations. (v) Continue efforts in China to verify and control reported stockpiles of saiga parts. Share lessons learned with other consumer and range States. (vi) Continue research to: a) reduce the use of saiga in traditional Chinese medicine and b) identify alternatives to saiga horn. vii) To consider elements of a possible long-term trade relationship between the MCT, industry and range States, which could serve as a means to prevent poaching and illegal trade in saiga antelope. (viii) Strengthen law enforcement cooperation (e.g. information or intelligence, experience, equipment, capacity building, etc.) between range and consumer States. (ix) Review and revise, as appropriate, national policies to ensure consistency with conservation and sustainable use objectives. ​ ​ Kazakhstan : Workshop on the Implementation and Coordination of the Saiga Antelope (Saiga spp.) Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and other CMS Instruments for Migratory Ungulates in Kazakhstan (17-18/02/2011) The meeting, chaired by Mr. Khairbek Mussabaev (Forestry and Hunting Committee), confirmed [...] a dramatic increase in poaching exclusively targeting saiga horns, which are only worn by saiga males and is therefore likely to lead to a serious decline in males. The following priority measures for the conservation of saiga antelopes in Kazakhstan have been identified within the framework of the MTIWP 2011-2015: [...] Strengthen the relevant capacities of agencies involved in the prevention of illegal trade and export of horns and horn products, such as customs. The participants further [...] recommended: (i) to include the above-mentioned priorities in National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) and other sectoral development programmes in Kazakhstan (ii) improve coordination between government agencies involved in the fight against the saiga tree. conservation and protection (e.g., customs, police, border patrol) and (iii) improve the process of interaction and negotiation with the Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine and enterprises, reiterating the recommendations of the Urumqi Saiga meeting in 2010. ​ It has been reported that poaching in Betpak-dala has become more high-tech and that the population of Ustiurt continues to decline rapidly. Also, partnerships with Chinese agencies (CITES and the UNEP/CMS secretariat) were under negotiation at the time of writing. It was necessary to ensure that a bilateral project would not fuel the illegal trade in saiga horn. [...] For the population of Ustiurt, it is necessary to strengthen the fight against poaching, and for the population of Betpak-Dala, the need to strengthen the involvement of the local population in the conservation of the saiga tree. ​ The increase in poaching of saiga horn was discussed with law enforcement agencies in the saiga area and with the Astana Prosecutor General's Office in 2010. The Ministry of Communication and Information has instructed its central and regional divisions to ban all advertising for the sale or trade of saiga horn in the media. Mr. Sergei Orlov, representative of the state-owned company Okhotzooprom, added that there were anecdotal reports of illegal structures in Kazakhstan that processed saiga horn and exported the crushed product. Until now, customs had not encountered such cases. The price of saiga horn is said to have increased, which has boosted the supply of saiga horn. It is also planned to improve the capacity and level of awareness of the services involved in the prevention of illegal trade and exports, including the customs services. Creation of resources and databases that can be consulted online, as part of the MOU. ​ ​ ​ ​ Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Russia and Turkmenistan: Saiga Antelope Memorandum of Understanding (2006) Noting that the Saiga antelope is listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (Washington, D.C., 1973); Concerned about the unsustainable or illegal domestic and international trade in specimens of the species; Aware that the CITES Standing Committee has recommended the development of a regional strategy for the conservation of the saiga antelope; Concerned that poaching and illegal trade in horns and other products, uncontrolled hunting, destruction of habitats and construction of irrigation canals, roads and other obstacles to natural dispersal and migration have contributed to the recent decline in saiga antelope populations, and that economic hardship, impoverishment of local communities and poor land-use planning are causes, which must be remedied to preserve the saiga antelope; Noting the need to improve the protection of the Saiga antelope and its habitats in each range State and the importance of regional cooperation for its conservation, restoration and sustainable use, including international trade; Recognizing that coordinated and concerted national and transboundary actions by the authorities of the range States responsible for the conservation and management of the Saiga Antelope, subregional, regional and international organizations, professional and trade associations, local communities, non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders would enhance its conservation, its recovery and sustainable use, as well as those of habitats and ecosystems that are important to its long-term survival. The Parties AGREE to collaborate on the improvement of the conservation status of the Saiga Antelope throughout its range and to undertake national and joint activities to conserve, restore and sustainably use the species and habitats and ecosystems important for its long-term survival, including the measures specified in the Action Plan which is annexed to and forms an integral part of this Memorandum of Understanding. ​ References : MOU Text | Saiga Antelope (cms.int) Saiga tatarica | CMS Espèces | CMS Saiga_WorkShop_Urumqi_FINAL_REPORT_English.pdf (cms.int) Meeting Recommendations_En_rev_3May11.pdf (cms.int) Meeting_Report_Eng_with_annexes_rev.pdf (cms.int) Saiga Conservation Alliance (11/12/2023)

Documents Founding documents of the OURANOS Project The Projet Original presentation of the OURANOS anti-poaching project, 18/01/2023 Organigram Organigram of the OURANOS anti-poaching project Poster Poster presented at HERA Awards, carried out by Maria-Giulia DRUART, with the help of Alexandre PINNA, 08/04/2023 Poster Partners Projet OURANOS sumed up to the partners ABConservation and SUMECO, daté du 04/12/2023 OURANOS through the World Map of the counties des pays welcoming offical partners of the OURANOS Project - Update : 31/12/2023 OURANOS OURANOS OURANOS OURANOS OURANOS OURANOS OURANOS OURANOS

Manatee Trichechus sp. Localisation Caribbean Amazonia Eastern American coasts Western African coasts ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Threats Commercial and industrial areas Shipping lanes Fishing and harvesting aquatic resources Tourism and recreational activities Dams and water management/use Domestic and urban waste water Agricultural and forestry effluents Habitat shifting and alteration Temperature extremes Storms and flooding​ ​ Housing and urban areas Commercial and industrial areas Annual and perennial non-timber crops Marine and freshwater aquaculture Oil and gas drilling Utility and service lines Logging and wood harvesting War, civil unrest and military exercises Work and other activities Industrial and military effluents Garbage and solid waste Excess energy Habitat shifting and alteration Droughts Livestock farming and ranching Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases Stress Traditional medicine ​ ​ ​ Population Decreasing ​ ​ ​ U.I.C.N. : Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis ) : V.U. - Vulnerable Trichechus pygmaeus : possible subspecies of Trichechus inunguis : without I.U.C.N. status West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus ) : V .U. - Vulnerable Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris ) : E.N. - Endangered Greater Caribbean Manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus ) : E.N. - Endangered African manatee (Trichechus senegalensis ) : V .U. - Vulnerable ​ ​ ​ ​ C.I.T.E.S : Amazonian manatee ( Trichechus inunguis ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) African manatee (Trichechus senegalensis ) : Appendix I (12/06/2023) ​ ​ EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) ​ African Convention of Nature and Natural Resources : Class A (16/06/1969) ​ ​ ​ ​ Trade ​ ​ African Union : AFRICAN CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (Date of Adoption: 15/09/1968, Date of last signature: 24/01/2013, Date entry into force: 16/06/1969) Trichechus senegalensis - West African manatee : Class A ​ AFRICAN CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (Maputo, Mozambique - 11/07/2003, Entered into force on 23/07/2016) Article XI. TRADE IN SPECIMENS AND PRODUCTS THEREOF The Parties shall: a) regulate the domestic trade in, as well as the transport and possession of specimens and products to ensure that such specimens and products have been taken or obtained in conformity with domestic law and international obligations related to trade in species b) in the measures referred to under a) above, provide for appropriate penal sanctions, including confiscation measures. The Parties shall, where appropriate, cooperate through bilateral or sub-regional agreements with a view to reducing and ultimately eliminating illegal trade in wild fauna and flora or their specimens or products ​ European Union : REGULATIONS COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2023/966 of 15 May 2023 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 to reflect the amendments adopted at the 19th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora : Annex A . ​ Grenada : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES - No. 2016/022 (16/03/2016) Recommendation to suspend trade for non-submission of annual reports. Suspension of the trade of all CITES-listed species. Guinea :​ APPLICATION OF ARTICLE XIII IN GUINEA - No. 2023/128 (23/11/2023) ​ ​Recommendation to maintain the suspension of trade for commercial purposes with Guinea in specimens of all CITES-listed species and other recommendations ​ ​ ​ Liberia : ​ CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES - No. 2018/012 (22/01/2018) ​ ​ Maintenance of a recommendation to suspend trade of all CITES-listed species. ​ Panama : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES - No. 2023/057 (05/05/2023) Suspension of the issuance of export permits for wild-harvested specimens. The issuance of export permits for all wildlife specimens harvested from the wild for commercial purposes has been suspended. ​​ ​ ​ United States : ​ Marine Mammal Protection Act (10/1972) and the Endangered Species Act (1973) : Federal laws, penalties for breaking these federal laws could include a year in prison and a fine up to $20,000. These laws prohibit hunting, capturing, killing, or harassing these animals. ​ The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 As Amended as amended through 2018 (Revised 03/2019)​ : 16 U.S.C. 1375a Sec. : Hereafter, all fines collected by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for violations of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 1362-1407) and implementing regulations shall be available to the Secretary, without further appropriation, to be used for the expenses of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in administering activities for the protection and recovery of manatees, polar bears, sea otters, and walruses, and shall remain available until expended. the export and subsequent import are consistent with the provisions of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and other international agreements and conventions; and the export and subsequent import are not likely to contribute to illegal trade in bear parts. ​ ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973 As Amended through the 108th Congress - Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. 20240 (1973) : if an endangered species or threatened species of a marine mammal is involved, the taking is authorized pursuant to section 101(a)(5) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 The term “scrimshaw product” means any art form which involves the substantial etching or engraving of designs upon, or the substantial carving of figures, patterns, or designs from, any bone or tooth of any marine mammal of the order Cetacea. For purposes of this subsection, polishing or the adding of minor superficial markings does not constitute substantial etching, engraving, or carving. MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972 SEC. 17. Except as otherwise provided in this Act, no provision of this Act shall take precedence over any more restrictive conflicting provision of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. ​ Florida Manatee Sanctuary Act (1978) : State legislation that allows the establishment of manatee sanctuaries in Florida.​ ​Did you find a manatee in need (sick, injured, harassed or orphaned) ? Call the FWC's Wildlife Alert Toll-Free Number : 1-888-404-FWCC (1-888-404-3922) Please be prepared to answer the following questions: What is the exact location of the animal? Is the manatee alive or dead? Is the manatee tagged? How long have you been observing the manatee? What is the approximate size of the manatee? What is the location of the public boat ramp closest to the manatee? Can you provide a contact number where you can be reached for further information? The above information is the most important you can provide; however, any additional information will be helpful.​ ​ How to Help a Stranded Manatee DO NOT RETURN THE MANATEE TO THE WATER! Do not touch or feed the manatee. Observe from a safe distance and keep other people away. Note the manatee's condition. Does it appear weak, skinny, have open wounds? Look for any obvious identification - tag or markings. Determine the manatee's exact location for accurate reporting. Report the manatee using the above information. ​ More information : https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/17871500894722481/ United States Florida Manatee Rescue & Rehabilitation Partnership​ Website : Manatee Rescue & Rehabilitation Partnership ​ ​ ​ Manatee Rescue & Rehabilitation Partnership References : Trichechus inunguis (Amazonian Manatee) ​ Trichechus manatus (West Indian Manatee) ​ Trichechus manatus ssp. latirostris (Florida Manatee) ​ Trichechus manatus ssp. manatus (Greater Caribbean Manatee) ​ Trichechus senegalensis (African Manatee) ​ van Roosmalen, Hotspot of new megafauna found in the Central Amazon (Brazil): the lower Rio Aripuanã Basin, Biodiversity Journal, 2015, 6 (1): 219–244 ​ Publications Office ​ Letter template ​ ​ Notification to the Parties No. 2017/ ​ Notification to the Parties 2023 ​ Notification to the Parties No. 2016/022 ​ ​ 41550-treaty-Charter_ConservationNature_NaturalResources.pdf ​ ​ CONSERVATION OF NATURE.doc ​ ​ https://www.flrules.org/gateway/readFile.asp?sid=0&tid=0&cno=68C-22&caid=1521947&type=4&file=68C-22.doc ​ The MMPA of 1972 as amended through 2018 ​ ​ Endangered Species Act of 1973, As Amended through the 108th Congress ​ All About Manatees - Conservation & Research | United Parks & Resorts ​ Manatee Rescue & Rehabilitation Partnership ​ Manatee Facts | Save the Manatee Club ​ ​ ​ ​ Miranda, T.L. 2014. Ocorrência de peixe-boi Trichechus spp (Mammalia, Sirenia) a partir do conhecimento ecológico local dos pescadores de Belém e região insular, estuário amazônico. Undergraduate thesis. Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil. 51 pp

Galago (bush baby) Galagidae Localization Africa ​ Threats ​ ​ Population ​ ​ U.I.C.N. : C.I.T.E.S: ​ ​ Trade ​ Canada, United States: ​ ​ ​ France: ​ ​ ​ India: ​ ​ ​ Indonesia: ​ ​ ​ Laos :​ ​ ​ ​ Malaysia: ​ ​ ​ Philippines :​ ​ ​ ​ Vietnam : ​ References : ​

Pyrenean desman Galemys pyrenaicus David Perez Localization Galemys pyrenaicus pyrenaicus : Pyrenees (France, Andorra and Spain) Galemys pyrenaicus rufulus : Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) ​ Threats Cultures, agriculture Fishing and Recreation Dams Invasive species Non-native diseases Land and water pollution Droughts Population Highly fragmented, declining populations ​ I.U.C.N. : E.N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S : Not indexed Convention de Berne : Appendix II - Strictly Protected Wildlife Species ​ Trade France : Article 1 of the Decree of 17 April 1981 Repealed by Decree of 23 April 2007 - article 8, intial version Amended by Order 2007-02-19 art. 1 JORF 19 April 2007 The destruction, alteration or degradation of the particular environment of mammals of the following non-domestic species, the destruction, mutilation, capture or removal, intentional disturbance, naturalization of individuals of these species or, whether living or dead, their transport, peddling, use or offering for sale, are prohibited throughout the national territory and at all times, selling or buying them: - Talpidae : Pyrenees desman (Galemys pyrenaicus ). ​ References : biodiversite.gouv.fr/projet-pna/wp-content/uploads/PNA_desman_des_pyrenees.pdf Galemys pyrenaicus (Desman pyrénéen) (iucnredlist.org)

OUR MASCOTS Sakura KIMURA My story Mystery... Hao Mihn KIM My story Later, comrade !

ABOUT US OURANOS detailed The OURANOS network aims to involve as many people as possible in participatory work between citizens, institutions and scientists ! Our story It all started with a bee... In August 2021, the "Mahout", founder and current president of the project, was watching a video about animals on his mobile phone when he learned that representatives of the species "Wallace's giant bee" (Megachile pluto ), vulnerable and almost impossible to find in the wild, were for sale on eBay. From then on, the idea of ​​a digital network project against online poaching emerged. Initially alone, the Mahout surrounded himself, from October 2022 to June 2023, with a crack team, as part of a mobilization organized by the Green Office of the University of Liège (Belgium). Chronology 08/2021 Idea for a project to denounce fraudulent offers on online sales platforms. Offers about endangered species are reported on the platforms directly but are not removed. Some letters to politicians are sent without any results. 05/07/2022 - 05/09/2022 13/11/2022 - 15/12/2022 The projet OURANOS supports the animals in Ukraine and facing isolated events. Idea of a network creation to convoy animals and help zoos in Ukraine. Beginning of an officious partnership with Résilience Internationale. ​ Campaign to save animals from the Mykolaev Zoo with the support of La Tanière zoo and Résilience Internationale. According to the zoo, their animals didn't need​ any help, so, the operation ended.​ ​​​​ 11/01/2023 Official adoption of the name "OURANOS" for "OUR Alliance for kNOwledge and Species" by the original team. 18/01/2023 12/02/2023 - 23/04/2023 10/02/2023 The OURANOS Project is officially presented to the Green Office at the University of Liège. ​ The OURANOS Project, via its founder, takes part in the support of a coalition led by Résilience Internationale, with the support of Vet4Cats/Vet4Ukraine to support the Woof Division Charitable Fondation in Kharkiv. ​ Pool for pets and veterinary cares in Karkhiv.​ 14/02/2023 17/02/2023 - 06/03/2023 Creation of the Twitter account of the project (Ouranos project (@OuranosProject) / Twitter ). ​ ​ ​ Part in the sterilisation campaign for cats in Ukraine, led by Vet4Ukraine, with the support of Résilience Internationale. 17/03/2023 23/04/2023 - 02/11/2023 Creation of the Youtube channel (OURANOS Anti-Poaching Project - YouTube ). ​ ​ ​ Campaign to support the Sudan Animal Rescue, in Khartoum, supported by Résilience Internationale. The goal was transferring some animals to the Giza zoo, that supported the project to welcome small cats. The association Four Paws took the reins to transfer the animals to Al'Mawa center in Jordan. 07/10/2023 Triggering the concretization and clarification of OURANOS objectives. 28/06/2024 - 04/07/2024 06/07/2024 16/08/2024 Campaign on bats selling and CITES status. Breaking up of a Facebook account that sold rhinoceros horns. eBay removes all listings of Kerivoula picta and of most bats. Etsy updates the day before its policy on prohibited wildlife to include all bats. 20/08/2024 - ... "Indi Raja" operation. Campaign to stop the elephants use and abuse during the Kandy Esala Perahera in Kandy (Sri Lanka). 06/10/2024 - ... "Faa Sai" operation. Campaign to help the elephants and other animals (dogs and buffalos) from floods at the Elephant Nature Park in Chiang Mai ​ Our goal is to invite all Internet users to report poaching and fraudulent offers of endangered species on online sales sites and platforms to certified experts. The goal is not to harm these platforms, but to stop poaching and encourage decision-makers to take concrete measures to stem the scourge of online poaching and species trafficking, particularly on the black market. We also plan to eventually partner with scientific and (inter)national institutions, associations and decision-makers on these platforms to ensure general and concrete consistency in the fight against poaching and its causes. Our Goal​ How should OURANOS be used ? Search a website or online sales platform for any suspicious advert relating to the animal species being sold. Once the suspicious ad has been found, consult the identification sheets on this site (tab "Identification sheets" and "smart research"), in order to determine whether the species concerned is threatened or not. This step can be carried out automatically on certain sites concerned as soon as possible. Click on the “report” or "signal" tab on the site in question when it is present, before contacting the OURANOS Project. The OURANOS Project will highlight the offer on social networks and carry out events and rallyings focused on similar offers to get rid of them legally and/or on the websites itself When the suspicious offers are sent to the OURANOS Project, the partners on the field are contacted to save the living animals on the offers and carry them to a shelter, or at least to seize the dead ones The team Founder and President - active The Mahout @OuranosProject Original team - inactive E. ROLOS @OuranosProject Original te am - inactive L. ROUAULT @OuranosProject Original te am - inactive M. DEDEKEN @OuranosProject

IDENTIFICATION SHEETS Know better, save better Here you will find the identification sheets needed to determine if the species listed on the offer you found is indeed an endangered species. If this is the case (IUCN from VU to EW, or even EX and CITES Appendix I), copy the offer link or take a screenshot before sending it to the corresponding expert (see below the sheets). Mammalia - Bovidae Hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus ) Herbivore Sahel, East Africa, South Africa IUCN: L.C. - not threatened C.I.T.E.S.: not reported ​ Did you know? There are 8 subspecies, including one living in North Africa and the Near East, extinct in 1925. Some scientists believe that some of them are separate species. Mammalia - Primate Sunda slow loris (Nycticebus cougang ) Insectivore Southeast Asia IUCN: EN - ENDANGERED CITES: Appendix I Did you know? Many people want it as a pet because of the videos on the Internet, but it secretes a toxic substance that has already caused medical complications. Mammalia - Chiroptera Bats (Chiroptera) Insectivore/ Frugivore/ Piscivore/ Hematophage according to taxa Worldwide except at the Poles I.U.C.N.: according to species C.I.T.E.S.: often not reported Did you know? Many species of bats are threatened, in particular, tropical bats (e.g. Otomops formosus), for sale on the Internet. Some scientists have sounded the alarm to stem this scourge. Mammalia - Equidae Zebra (Equus zebra, E. quagga , E. grevyi ) Herbivore Eastern and Southern Africa I.U.C.N. : E. zebra : V.U. - VULNERABLE E. quagga : N.T. - Near-threatened E. grevyi : E.N. - ENDANGERED ​ C.I.T.E.S. : E. zebra : Appendix II E. quagga : not reported E. grevyi : Appendix I ​ Did you know? Each stripe pattern is unique. Reptiles - Chelonia Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas ) Carnivore (until juvenile stage and occasionally)/ Herbivore (adult) Oceans (except Poles) I.U.C.N.: EN - ENDANGERED C.I.T.E.S.: Appendix I ​ ​ Did you know? They lay their eggs on the beaches where they were born. Fish - Chondrichthyes Dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus ) Carnivore/Piscivore/Scavenger Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans I.U.C.N.: EN - ENDANGERED C.I.T.E.S.: not reported Did you know? It can be confused with the bull shark and has large green-yellow eyes. Echinodermata Pineapple sea cucumber (Thelenota ananas ) Filter feeder Indian and Pacific Oceans, Southeast Asia, Red Sea IUCN: EN - ENDANGERED CITES: Appendix II ​ Did you know? This species is eaten, especially in Southeast Asia, where it is called "trepang" or "prickly redfish". 6 other species are threatened with extinction and many look like droppings. Arthropoda - Insecta Wallace's giant bee (Megachile pluto ) Phytophagous (tree resin) Indonesia I.U.C.N.: VU - VULNERABLE C.I.T.E.S.: not reported ​ Did you know? It was rediscovered by a sale on the Internet. This bee is at the origin of the OURANOS program. ​ ​ ​ ​ Photograph : Naturalis Biodiversity Center — bioportal.naturalis.nl Megachile pluto (adult, frontal view) : Preserved specimen number RMNH.INS.108875 from Naturalis Biodiversity Center - Zoology and Geology catalogues (nl) collected in North-West Obi Moluccas on 1953-10-19 by Wegner, A. File:Megachile pluto - frontal view - Naturalis Biodiversity Center (1953).jpg Date de création : 16 mars 2018 ​

Peter's bright snake Liophidium mayottensis Liophidium mayottensis, photographié à Mayotte, Lac Karihani, mars 2019. Photo : Kathleen C. Webster. Figure 7: Liophidium mayottensis, photographed in Mayotte, Lac Karihani, March 2019. Picture: Kathleen C. Webster. Localization Mayotte (France) ​ Threats Cultures, agriculture Hunting and trapping of land animals Invasive species Non-native diseases Population Number of individuals unknown, highly fragmented populations ​ I.U.C.N. : E.N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S : Not indexed ​ Trade France : ​ Order No. 361/DEAL/SPR/2018 of December 3, 2018 The species itself does not have any legal economic value because its capture, possession and trade are prohibited by law. ​ ​ ​ Prefectural Order No. 361/DEAL/SEPR/2018 of 14 December 2018 Prohibition throughout the territory of Mayotte of the destruction or removal of eggs or nests, as well as the mutilation, destruction, capture or removal, intentional disturbance, naturalization, whether they are alive or dead, their transport, peddling, use, possession, offering for sale, sale or purchase. The destruction, alteration or degradation of breeding sites and resting areas of animals is also prohibited in the parts of the territory of Mayotte where the species is present as well as in the natural range of existing population centres. These prohibitions apply to the physical or biological elements deemed necessary for the reproduction or rest of the species in question, as long as they are actually used or usable during the successive cycles of reproduction or rest of that species and for all that the destruction, alteration or degradation calls into question the proper completion of these biological cycles. ​ References : PNA_couleuvre_de_Mayotte.pdf (biodiversite.gouv.fr)

Bonelli's eagle Aquila fasciata Tomáš Bělka Localization Mediterranean periphery, arabic peninsula, middle, Southern and South-East Asia ​ Threats Hunt and persecution Intoxication Collisions (power lines, aeolian and photovoltaic parks, road traffic) Nest sites troubling Habitat degradation Electrocution Poaching Agriculture Prays decreasing Petting/shows Trichomonosis Population Between 20 000 and 49 999 matures individuals, populations not split, decreasing ​ I.U.C.N. status : Global : L.C. - Low Concern France : E .N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S : Appendix II (03/03/1973) Rule n°338/97 of the European Council : Annex A (09/12/1996) ​ Trade France : Journal Officiel de la République Française (JORF) du 17/09/1978 Last update JORF of the 22/03/1996 Mentionned as vulnerable species with strictly forbidden trade. ​ ​ References : PNA_Aigle-de-Bonelli_2014-2023.pdf (biodiversite.gouv.fr) Aquila fasciata (Aigle de Bonelli) (iucnredlist.org)

Direct sheets reptiles Find, check and signal ! Peter's bright snake