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Armadillos Dasypodidae I.U.C.N. : L.C. : Low Concern N.T. : Not Threatened VU : Vulnerable EN : Endangered CR : Critically Endangered EW : Extinct in the Wild EX : Extinct DD : Data Deficient C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I : strictly forbidden trade (or allowed by special agreements) Appendix II : restricted trade Appendix III : allowed trade not indexed : no C.I.T.E.S. status Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo Cabassous centralis U.I.C.N. : DD C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Greater Naked-tailed Armadillo Cabassous tatouay U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix III (Uruguay) - (14/07/1976) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Class C - Uruguay (20/05/2023) Andean hairy armadillo Chaetophractus nationi U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix II (18/09/1997) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Class C - Uruguay (20/05/2023) Screaming Hairy Armadillo Chaetophractus vellerosus U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Greater Long-nosed Armadillo Dasypus kappleri U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Photo : © 2018 Feijó et al. Anderson Feijó, Bruce D. Patterson, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela (2018) - Taxonomic revision of the long-nosed armadillos, Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Cingulata) | PLOS ONE Southern Long-Nosed Armadillo Dasypus hybridus U.I.C.N. : NT - Near Threatened C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Yepes's mulita Dasypus mazzai U.I.C.N. : DD - Data Deficient C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Photo : © 2018 Feijó et al. Anderson Feijó, Bruce D. Patterson, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela (2018) - Taxonomic revision of the long-nosed armadillos, Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Cingulata) | PLOS ONE Nine-banded Armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Hairy Long-nosed Armadillo Dasypus pilosus U.I.C.N. : DD - Data Deficient C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Photo : © 2018 Feijó et al. Anderson Feijó, Bruce D. Patterson, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela (2018) - Taxonomic revision of the long-nosed armadillos, Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Cingulata) | PLOS ONE Brazilian Lesser Long-nosed Armadillo Dasypus septemcinctus U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Photo : © 2018 Feijó et al. Anderson Feijó, Bruce D. Patterson, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela (2018) - Taxonomic revision of the long-nosed armadillos, Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Cingulata) | PLOS ONE Hairy Long-nosed Armadillo Dasypus sabanicola U.I.C.N. : NT - Near Threatened C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Photo : © 2018 Feijó et al. Anderson Feijó, Bruce D. Patterson, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela (2018) - Taxonomic revision of the long-nosed armadillos, Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Cingulata) | PLOS ONE Giant armadillo Priodontes maximus U.I.C.N. : VU - Vulnerable C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I (01/07/1975) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Class A - (20/05/2023) Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo Tolypeutes tricinctus U.I.C.N. : VU - Vulnerable C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Southern Three-banded Armadillo Tolypeutes matacus U.I.C.N. : NT - Near Threatened C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Localization Americas Threats Housing & urban areas Annual & perennial non-timber crops Wood & pulp plantations Livestock farming & ranching Roads & railroads Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals Trade Argentina : Restrictions on trade in certain species (16/01/2006) [Suspension for CLASS Mammalia] [Stricter domestic measures] The export of all live specimens of native species of mammals (with the exception of: species subject to management plans and export quotas; specimens bred in captivity in registered operations; species considered as pests or harmful under current legislation; pets; specimens for zoological, cultural or educational exhibitions). Specimens of such species may be exported after the Argentine Management Authority has verified on a case-by-case basis that the export is in conformity with current national legislation and issued a CITES permit. Andean hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus nationi ) : Quota : 0 (2024) - All (Note: established by the Conference of the Parties) Bolivia : Andean hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus nationi ) : Quota : 0 (2024) - All, all sources (Note: established by the Conference of the Parties) Chile : Andean hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus nationi ) : Quota : 0 (2024) - All (Note: established by the Conference of the Parties) France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. Panama : Suspension of the issuance of export permits for wild-harvested specimens (W) (05/05/2023) [Stricter domestic measures] The issuance of export permits for all wildlife specimens harvested from the wild (W) for commercial purposes (T) has been suspended. Peru : Andean hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus nationi ) : Quota : 0 (2024) - All (Note: established by the Conference of the Parties) United States : Alabama: Restrictions on exotic animals like giant snails, bobcats, and venomous reptiles unless permitted before 2021. No release of non-native animals without a license. Alaska: Broad restrictions on wildlife, including wolf hybrids and chimpanzees. Some pets, like ferrets, are legal without a permit. Arizona: Extensive restrictions require permits for many species like primates, foxes, and Gila monsters. Permits are issued for specific purposes like education. Arkansas: Large carnivores and primates are restricted unless permitted before set years. Some venomous reptiles are allowed with permits, and up to six captive-bred animals like raccoons can be owned without a permit. California: Prohibits most wild animals, including bears and primates, but allows hybrids like Savannah cats. Colorado: Most exotic animals like primates and raccoons are banned, but hedgehogs and sugar gliders are allowed without permits. Connecticut: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and wolves. Limited ownership of primates allowed under specific conditions. Delaware: Requires permits for exotic animals; no comprehensive list of banned animals is provided. District of Columbia: Only common domestic pets like cats, dogs, and some birds are allowed. Exotic species are banned. Florida: Animals categorized into Classes I-III, with varying permit requirements. Non-dangerous animals like ferrets are exempt. Georgia: Strict permitting for wild animals like kangaroos and venomous snakes, while ferrets and sugar gliders are allowed under specific conditions. Hawaii: Most exotic animals, including hedgehogs and ferrets, are banned. A limited number of domesticated animals are permitted. Idaho: Prohibits animals harmful to agriculture, like wild boars and large cats. Llamas and guinea pigs are allowed without permits. Illinois: Restricts dangerous animals like large cats and wolves to organizations. Existing primates are allowed if registered. Indiana: Allows exotic animal ownership with permits for different classes, from squirrels to large predators. Iowa: Restricts dangerous wild animals unless permitted before 2007. Hybrids of domestic species are allowed. Kansas: Limits ownership of regulated animals like large cats, bears, and venomous snakes to approved facilities. Kentucky: Bans inherently dangerous animals like primates and bears. Some permits available for non-dangerous species. Louisiana: Requires permits for large snakes and prohibits endangered or dangerous species like bears and wolves. Maine: Broad restrictions on exotic pets like giraffes and kangaroos. Some exotic animals like coati are permitted. Maryland: Prohibits dangerous animals like primates and large cats unless registered before 2006. Massachusetts: Strict restrictions on endangered species and venomous reptiles. Ferrets allowed under specific conditions. Michigan: Restricts ownership of non-native species like large cats. Permits are available for captive-bred wildlife. Minnesota: Prohibits regulated animals like large cats unless registered before 2005. Mississippi: Requires liability insurance for permits to own inherently dangerous animals like elephants and primates. Missouri: Requires registration of dangerous reptiles and mammals with law enforcement. Montana: Requires annual permits for wild animals like large cats and bears. Many small exotics are legal without permits. Nebraska: Captive wildlife permits needed for most wild animals, excluding certain species like skunks and bears. Nevada: Relatively lenient, banning certain species like alligators but allowing primates and large cats. New Hampshire: Controlled species like armadillos and cougars require permits. New Jersey: Permits required for many species, including ferrets and primates. Some small animals are exempt. New Mexico: Regulates zoonotic disease carriers like skunks and raccoons; local laws may impose additional restrictions. New York: Prohibits most wild animals and hybrids; fines imposed for violations. North Carolina: Exotic pet laws vary by county or city; no statewide restrictions. North Dakota: Dangerous or hazardous animals like zebras and primates require licenses. Ohio: Strict laws after a 2011 incident, banning dangerous wild animals like tigers and bears without permits. Oklahoma: Permits required for venomous reptiles, while many exotic animals are exempt from regulation. Oregon: Prohibits wild cat species and large predators; permits available for service monkeys. Pennsylvania: Exotic wildlife permits required for animals like lions, wolves, and venomous snakes. Rhode Island: Only specific organizations can own wild carnivores like lions and tigers. South Carolina: Restricts large cats and apes unless registered by 2018. South Dakota: Permits required for most exotic animals, with specific rules for raccoon dogs. Tennessee: Classifies animals by risk level, requiring permits for certain classes. Texas: Requires a certificate of registration for dangerous wild animals like wild cats and primates. Utah: Controlled, noncontrolled, and prohibited animals require different levels of permitting. Vermont: Requires permits for exotic animals not on the unrestricted list. Virginia: Exotic animals like wild cats and crocodiles require permits. Washington: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and venomous snakes. West Virginia: Requires permits with strict conditions for keeping wild animals. Wisconsin: Requires licenses for wild animals, but some, like opossums and ground squirrels, are exempt. Wyoming: Requires permits for most wildlife unless specifically exempted. Highlights: Stringent Restrictions: Hawaii, California, and New York are among the strictest states. Lenient Laws: Indiana and Nevada allow more exotic animals with fewer restrictions. Common Prohibitions: Dangerous animals like large cats, bears, primates, and venomous reptiles are frequently restricted. Permits: Most states offer permits for special cases like education or scientific purposes. References : Species+ Laws on Exotic Animals for Each State Notification to the Parties 2023 Cabassous centralis (Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo) Publications Office Andean hairy armadillo - Wikipedia Tolypeutes tricinctus (Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo) Tolypeutes matacus (Southern Three-banded Armadillo) Priodontes maximus (Giant Armadillo) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Laws on Exotic Animals for Each State Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance Taxonomic revision of the long-nosed armadillos, Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Cingulata) | PLOS ONE - Anderson Feijó, Bruce D. Patterson, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela Dasypus novemcinctus (Nine-banded Armadillo) Dasypus kappleri (Greater Long-nosed Armadillo) Dasypus pilosus (Hairy Long-nosed Armadillo) Dasypus sabanicola (Northern Long-nosed Armadillo) Dasypus septemcinctus (Brazilian Lesser Long-nosed Armadillo) Yepes's mulita - Wikipedia Dasypus hybridus (Southern Long-Nosed Armadillo)

Galago (bush baby) Galagidae Localization Africa Threats Population U.I.C.N. : C.I.T.E.S: Trade Canada, United States: France: Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. India: Indonesia: Laos : Malaysia: Philippines : Vietnam : References : Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Manatee Trichechus sp. Localisation Caribbean Amazonia Eastern American coasts Western African coasts Threats Commercial and industrial areas Shipping lanes Fishing and harvesting aquatic resources Tourism and recreational activities Dams and water management/use Domestic and urban waste water Agricultural and forestry effluents Habitat shifting and alteration Temperature extremes Storms and flooding Housing and urban areas Commercial and industrial areas Annual and perennial non-timber crops Marine and freshwater aquaculture Oil and gas drilling Utility and service lines Logging and wood harvesting War, civil unrest and military exercises Work and other activities Industrial and military effluents Garbage and solid waste Excess energy Habitat shifting and alteration Droughts Livestock farming and ranching Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases Stress Traditional medicine Population Decreasing U.I.C.N. : Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis ) : V.U. - Vulnerable Trichechus pygmaeus : possible subspecies of Trichechus inunguis : without I.U.C.N. status West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus ) : V .U. - Vulnerable Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris ) : E.N. - Endangered Greater Caribbean Manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus ) : E.N. - Endangered African manatee (Trichechus senegalensis ) : V .U. - Vulnerable C.I.T.E.S : Amazonian manatee ( Trichechus inunguis ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) African manatee (Trichechus senegalensis ) : Appendix I (12/06/2023) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) African Convention of Nature and Natural Resources : Class A (16/06/1969) Trade African Union : AFRICAN CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (Date of Adoption: 15/09/1968, Date of last signature: 24/01/2013, Date entry into force: 16/06/1969) Trichechus senegalensis - West African manatee : Class A AFRICAN CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (Maputo, Mozambique - 11/07/2003, Entered into force on 23/07/2016) Article XI. TRADE IN SPECIMENS AND PRODUCTS THEREOF The Parties shall: a) regulate the domestic trade in, as well as the transport and possession of specimens and products to ensure that such specimens and products have been taken or obtained in conformity with domestic law and international obligations related to trade in species b) in the measures referred to under a) above, provide for appropriate penal sanctions, including confiscation measures. The Parties shall, where appropriate, cooperate through bilateral or sub-regional agreements with a view to reducing and ultimately eliminating illegal trade in wild fauna and flora or their specimens or products European Union : REGULATIONS COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2023/966 of 15 May 2023 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 to reflect the amendments adopted at the 19th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora : Annex A . Grenada : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES - No. 2016/022 (16/03/2016) Recommendation to suspend trade for non-submission of annual reports. Suspension of the trade of all CITES-listed species. Guinea : APPLICATION OF ARTICLE XIII IN GUINEA - No. 2023/128 (23/11/2023) Recommendation to maintain the suspension of trade for commercial purposes with Guinea in specimens of all CITES-listed species and other recommendations Liberia : CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES - No. 2018/012 (22/01/2018) Maintenance of a recommendation to suspend trade of all CITES-listed species. Panama : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES - No. 2023/057 (05/05/2023) Suspension of the issuance of export permits for wild-harvested specimens. The issuance of export permits for all wildlife specimens harvested from the wild for commercial purposes has been suspended. United States : Marine Mammal Protection Act (10/1972) and the Endangered Species Act (1973) : Federal laws, penalties for breaking these federal laws could include a year in prison and a fine up to $20,000. These laws prohibit hunting, capturing, killing, or harassing these animals. The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 As Amended as amended through 2018 (Revised 03/2019) : 16 U.S.C. 1375a Sec. : Hereafter, all fines collected by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for violations of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 1362-1407) and implementing regulations shall be available to the Secretary, without further appropriation, to be used for the expenses of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in administering activities for the protection and recovery of manatees, polar bears, sea otters, and walruses, and shall remain available until expended. the export and subsequent import are consistent with the provisions of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and other international agreements and conventions; and the export and subsequent import are not likely to contribute to illegal trade in bear parts. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973 As Amended through the 108th Congress - Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. 20240 (1973) : if an endangered species or threatened species of a marine mammal is involved, the taking is authorized pursuant to section 101(a)(5) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 The term “scrimshaw product” means any art form which involves the substantial etching or engraving of designs upon, or the substantial carving of figures, patterns, or designs from, any bone or tooth of any marine mammal of the order Cetacea. For purposes of this subsection, polishing or the adding of minor superficial markings does not constitute substantial etching, engraving, or carving. MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972 SEC. 17. Except as otherwise provided in this Act, no provision of this Act shall take precedence over any more restrictive conflicting provision of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Florida Manatee Sanctuary Act (1978) : State legislation that allows the establishment of manatee sanctuaries in Florida. Did you find a manatee in need (sick, injured, harassed or orphaned) ? Call the FWC's Wildlife Alert Toll-Free Number : 1-888-404-FWCC (1-888-404-3922) Please be prepared to answer the following questions: What is the exact location of the animal? Is the manatee alive or dead? Is the manatee tagged? How long have you been observing the manatee? What is the approximate size of the manatee? What is the location of the public boat ramp closest to the manatee? Can you provide a contact number where you can be reached for further information? The above information is the most important you can provide; however, any additional information will be helpful. How to Help a Stranded Manatee DO NOT RETURN THE MANATEE TO THE WATER! Do not touch or feed the manatee. Observe from a safe distance and keep other people away. Note the manatee's condition. Does it appear weak, skinny, have open wounds? Look for any obvious identification - tag or markings. Determine the manatee's exact location for accurate reporting. Report the manatee using the above information. More information : https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/17871500894722481/ United States Florida Manatee Rescue & Rehabilitation Partnership Website : Manatee Rescue & Rehabilitation Partnership Manatee Rescue & Rehabilitation Partnership References : Trichechus inunguis (Amazonian Manatee) Trichechus manatus (West Indian Manatee) Trichechus manatus ssp. latirostris (Florida Manatee) Trichechus manatus ssp. manatus (Greater Caribbean Manatee) Trichechus senegalensis (African Manatee) van Roosmalen, Hotspot of new megafauna found in the Central Amazon (Brazil): the lower Rio Aripuanã Basin, Biodiversity Journal, 2015, 6 (1): 219–244 Publications Office Letter template Notification to the Parties No. 2017/ Notification to the Parties 2023 Notification to the Parties No. 2016/022 41550-treaty-Charter_ConservationNature_NaturalResources.pdf CONSERVATION OF NATURE.doc https://www.flrules.org/gateway/readFile.asp?sid=0&tid=0&cno=68C-22&caid=1521947&type=4&file=68C-22.doc The MMPA of 1972 as amended through 2018 Endangered Species Act of 1973, As Amended through the 108th Congress All About Manatees - Conservation & Research | United Parks & Resorts Manatee Rescue & Rehabilitation Partnership Manatee Facts | Save the Manatee Club Miranda, T.L. 2014. Ocorrência de peixe-boi Trichechus spp (Mammalia, Sirenia) a partir do conhecimento ecológico local dos pescadores de Belém e região insular, estuário amazônico. Undergraduate thesis. Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil. 51 pp

Sugar glider Petaurus breviceps Localization Australia, Papua Threats No major threat Agriculture Bushfire Hypocalcaemia (in captivity) Population Stable U.I.C.N. : L.C. - Least Concern C.I.T.E.S: No indexed Trade Australia : To ensure that gilders are not illegally removed from the wild and sold as pets, all breeders, distributors and owners would require permits outlining the glider's history and source location. Strict penalties for illegal activities should be enforced. In addition, wild populations would require constant monitoring to ensure the protection of the glider species. In Australia, sugar gliders can be kept in Victoria, South Australia, and the Northern Territory. However, they are not allowed to be kept as pets in Western Australia, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Queensland or Tasmania. DNA analysis indicates that "the USA (sugar) glider population originates from West Papua, Indonesia with no illegal harvesting from other native areas such as Papua New Guinea or Australia".Given that the West Papuan gliders have been tentatively classified as Krefft's gliders (albeit to be changed in the future), this indicates that at least the captive gliders kept in the United States are Krefft's gliders, not sugar gliders. United States : Campbell et al . (2019), have provided evidence to support anecdotal reports from commercial websites offering the sale of sugar gliders that the source of the USA population of sugar gliders is West Papua, Indonesia. In our sampling, we found no evidence of illegal trade from other parts for the sugar glider native range but we cannot discount the possibility that animals are taken from other parts of Indonesia or Papua New Guinea and traded from Sorong. The scope of our inference is limited due to sparse sampling of West Papua, surrounding islands and the voluntary nature of tissue donation from USA pet owners. More extensive sampling of wild sugar gliders, animals bred in captive breeding facilities in West Papua and privately owned sugar gliders in the USA along with detailed pedigree information from breeders in the USA would be required to fully understand the importation history (Hogg et al., 2018 ). We established that despite being founded very recently (less than 30 years ago), the USA population is significantly more diverse than other introduced but older populations in Australia (Campbell et al., 2018 ). This implies multiple recent introductions and/or gene flow between Indonesia and the USA (Dawnay et al., 2008 ; Ogden & Linacre, 2015 ), and suggests that there is sufficient diversity within the USA population to avoid negative consequences of inbreeding if pedigrees are carefully managed. Ongoing importation of sugar gliders from legal avenues would allow US breeders to actively manage genetic diversity in the captive USA population, while allowing Indonesian wildlife traders the opportunity to benefit from their natural resources. For the specific purpose of preventing inbreeding in the USA an appropriately managed wild harvest of sugar gliders from West Papua, Indonesia, could continue with sufficient regulation of wildlife trade and if sustainable wildlife harvest quotas are enforced (Nijman, 2010 ; Janssen & Chng, 2018 ). Initiatives to achieve this could include, stricter licensing and registration for exporters, minimum mandatory reporting standards for captive breeding facilities and monitoring of selected wildlife trade hubs (Nijman, 2010 ). References : Petaurus breviceps (Sugar Glider) Wayback Machine The origin of exotic pet sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) kept in the United States of America [PeerJ] Sugar glider - Wikipedia (utiliser d'autres sources)

Poaching and Species Monitoring LET'S BEGIN ON KIBA ! Takin monitoring Start : End : KIBA forms sent : 0 Partner : Bhutan Ecological Society Website : Bhutan Ecological Society – Bhutan Ecological Society Article about the species : TAKIN Musk deer monitoring Start : 22/06/2025 End : KIBA forms sent : 2 Partner : Bhutan Ecological Society Website : Bhutan Ecological Society – Bhutan Ecological Society Article about the species : MUSK DEER Marsupials monitoring Start : End : KIBA forms sent : 0 Partner : Big association Australia Website : Wildlife Rescue - Australia | IFAW Articles about the species : MACROPODIDAE SUGAR GLIDER WOMBAT Reptiles monitoring Start : End : KIBA forms sent : 0 Partner : IFAW Australia Website : Wildlife Rescue - Australia | IFAW Articles about the species : 2024 2023

Zoophilia and Bestiality Note : The term "bestiality" refers, for some of countries, to all sexual acts of a non-heterosexual nature between consenting adults. Legislation by country: Germany : Article 184a of the Penal Code Anyone who publishes pornographic content (§ 11 paragraph 3) with the subject of acts of violence or sexual acts between humans and animals shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years or a fine. 1.broadcast or made available to the public, or 2.manufactures, obtains, supplies, stores, offers, advertises or undertakes to import or export it for the purpose of using it within the meaning of point 1 or to enable any other person to do so. 2 In the cases referred to in sentence 1 number 1, the attempt shall be punishable by law. Distribution of pornographic, violent or animal content Australia : Bestiality is illegal, but each Australian state can repeal the legislation if desired. Belgium : Is not legally defined, but has been unofficially considered a misdemeanor since 2007. Possible conviction for public indecency. Bulgaria : Zoophilia is not sanctioned by law; Physical cruelty to an animal is punished. Canada : Section 160(1) of the Criminal Code, Part V, prohibits bestiality. Danemark : Zoophilia is penalized since 2015. Ethiopia : Bestiality is illegal and "punishable by law". Finland : Zoophilia is legal as long as no physical injury is inflicted on the animal54 ; Formerly recognized as illegal but legalized in 1971. Sharing pornographic zoophile videos is legal, but trading them is illegal. France : Law of 30/11/2021 "Sexual abuse of a domesticated animal, tamed or kept in captivity is punishable by three years' imprisonment and a fine of 45,000 euros." 40. As an additional penalty, the court may prohibit the keeping of an animal, whether permanently or not, as well as registration with the FIJAIS. "Art. 521-1-3.-The act of proposing or soliciting acts constituting sexual abuse of an animal as defined in Article 521-1-1, by any means whatsoever, is punishable by one year's imprisonment and a fine of 15,000 euros." "Art. 521-1-2.-The act of complicity in serious abuse, acts of cruelty or sexual abuse of a domesticated animal, tamed or kept in captivity, provided for in the first paragraph of Articles 521-1 and 521-1-1, and is punishable by the penalties provided for in the same Articles 521-1 and 521-1-1, the fact of knowingly recording, by any means whatsoever and on any medium whatsoever, shall constitute an act of complicity in serious abuse, acts of cruelty or sexual abuse of a domesticated animal, tamed or kept in captivity, and shall be punishable by the penalties provided for in the same Articles 521-1 and 521-1-1, and shall be punishable by the penalties provided for in the same Articles 521-1 and 521-1-1, the fact of knowingly recording, by any means whatsoever and on any medium whatsoever, images relating to the commission of the offences mentioned in this paragraph. It is an act of complicity in the mistreatment of an animal and is punishable by the fine provided for fourth class offences, to knowingly record, by any means whatsoever and on any medium whatsoever, images relating to the commission of the aforementioned offence of ill-treatment. "The act of disseminating the recording of such images on the internet is punishable by two years in prison and a fine of 30,000 euros. "This article shall not apply when the recording, possession, dissemination or consultation of these images is intended to make a contribution to a public debate in the public interest or to serve as evidence in court." Ghana : Zoophilia is illegal. "Unnatural carnal knowledge" is not permitted under the Criminal Code ofGhana.64 Hungary : Zoophilia is legal; Physical cruelty to an animal is punished. India : Zoophilia is illegal under Section 377 of the CPI (Indian Penal Code). Japan : Zoophilia is not mentioned in the law, but physical cruelty to the animals is punishable. Mexico : Bestiality is legal. Norway : Besticity has been illegal since 2008. (sources) Netherlands : Bestiality has been legal since 2010. Romania : Zoophilia is legal; Physical cruelty to an animal is punished. Russia : Zoophilia, like all practices other than heterosexual between consenting adults, is considered a mental illness and can be equivalent to compulsory psychiatric internment; If the owner of the animal files a complaint, it can become a crime that can be punished by prison. Spain : Bestiality is not legally reprimanded, but there are laws against animal abuse. Switzerland : Article 135 of the Criminal Code: 1 Anyone who manufactures, imports, deposits, puts into circulation, promotes, exhibits, offers, shows, makes available, makes available, acquires, obtains electronically or in any other way or possesses sound or visual recordings, images, other objects or representations that insistently depict acts of cruelty to adults or animals or ineffective acts of cruelty to minors that seriously violate human dignity, without any cultural or scientific value worthy of protection, shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for a term not exceeding three years or by a financial penalty. If the objects or representations contain actual acts of violence against minors, the perpetrator shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for a term not exceeding five years or a financial penalty. 2 Anyone who consumes or, for his own consumption, manufactures, imports, takes on deposit, acquires, obtains electronically or in any other way or possesses objects or representations within the meaning of para. 1, 1st sentence, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term not exceeding one year or by a financial penalty. If the objects or representations contain actual acts of violence against minors, the perpetrator shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for a term not exceeding three years or a financial penalty. 3 Objects are confiscated. Article 197 of the Criminal Code: 4 Anyone who manufactures, imports, deposits, puts into circulation, promotes, exhibits, offers, shows, makes available, makes available, acquires, obtains electronically or in any other way or possesses objects or representations referred to in para. 1, which contains sexual acts with animals, acts of violence between adults or sexual acts of an ineffective nature with minors, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term not exceeding three years or by a financial penalty. If the objects or representations contain actual sexual acts with minors, the penalty is a custodial sentence of up to five years or a financial penalty. 5 Anyone who consumes or, for his or her own consumption, manufactures, imports, takes on deposit, acquires, obtains electronically or in any other way or possesses objects or representations referred to in para. 1, which contains sexual acts with animals, acts of violence between adults or ineffective sexual acts with minors, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term not exceeding one year or by a financial penalty. If the objects or representations contain actual sexual acts with minors, the penalty is a custodial sentence of up to three years or a financial penalty. 6 In the event of an offence within the meaning of paragraphs 4 and 5, the objects shall be confiscated. 7 If the perpetrator acts with the intention of enrichment, the judge shall impose a pecuniary penalty in addition to the custodial sentence. 9 The objects and representations referred to in paras. 1 to 5 that have a cultural or scientific value worthy of protection are not pornographic in nature. Türkiye : Bestiality, like all non-heterosexual practices between adults who are either single or married together, is considered a crime punishable by imprisonment. United Kingdom : Sexual Offences Act (2003): A person commits an offence who: intentionally performs an act of penetration with his penis, what is penetrated is the vagina or anus of a living animal, and He knows it, or he doesn't care if it's what is being penetrated. A person (A) commits an offence if: A intentionally causes or allows penetration of A's vagina or anus, penetration is through the penis of a living animal, and A knows this, or does not care whether it is by this that A is penetrated. A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to a fine not exceeding the law, or to both; on indictment, to a term of imprisonment not exceeding 2 years. United States : Recognized as a serious or "unnatural" crime: North Carolina, Louisiana and Puerto Rico Recognized as a major crime in the following states: Arizona, North Carolina, South Carolina, South Dakota, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Virginia, and Washington Recognized as a misdemeanor in the following states: Alaska, Arkansas, Californie, Floride, Iowa, Louisiane, Maryland, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, État de New York, Dakota du Nord, Oregon, Pennsylvanie, Utah et Wisconsin. Zambia : Zoophilia is illegal. Article 115 of the penal code prohibits "unnatural acts", including "carnal relations with an animal". References: Article L512-1-1 - Internal Security Code - Légifrance (legifrance.gouv.fr) Fight against animal abuse (Legislative file in unfolded version) - National Assembly (assemblee-nationale.fr) Articles | Animal Legal & Historical Center (animallaw.info) Zoophilia — Wikipédia (wikipedia.org) (27/04/2024) SR 311.0 - Swiss Criminal Code of 21 December 1937 | Fedlex (admin.ch)

Direct sheets reptiles Find, check and signal ! Peter's bright snake Reptiles and Amphibians - General

Albatros d'Amsterdam Diomedea amsterdamensis Vincent Legendre Albatros d'amsterdam poussin.jpg 01/01/2005 Localization Amsterdam and St. Paul's Islands (T.A.A.F., France), Austral Islands Threats Introduced species (including Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae), exploitation of fishery resources Population 92 mature individuals, non-fragmented populations, increasing U.I.C.N. : C.R. - Critically endangered C.I.T.E.S : Not indexed Trade France : Ministerial Decree of 14 August 1998 The destruction or removal of eggs or nests, the destruction, mutilation, capture or naturalization of individuals wherever they may be, living or dead, their transport, peddling, use, offering for sale, sale or purchase are prohibited. Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. Australia : Department of Environment and Heritage 2006 Plan to Reduce the Threat of Bycatch of Seabirds in Ocean Longline Operations 2006. References : Diomedea amsterdamensis (Amsterdam Albatross) (iucnredlist.org) PNA_albatros_amsterdam_2018-2027.pdf (biodiversite.gouv.fr) Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Scientific articles ABConservation The relationship between the zoo community and ABConservation for an integrated conservation programme in Palawan, Philippines Read the article Sumatra Ecoproject Sunda Slow Loris Online Trade In Facebook, Tells Us Why It’s Unstoppable and Probably Damaging Local Genetic Read the article Team ZAN The Okinawa Dugong Read the article

Lion Panthera leo Localization Africa and India Threats Housing and urban areas Annual and perennial non-timber crops Livestock farming and ranching Hunting and trapping terrestrial animals Logging and wood harvesting War, civil unrest and military exercises Agricultural and forestry effluents Population : Stable (populations of India) Decreasing (General) U.I.C.N. : EN - Endangered (populations of India - Panthera leo persica ) VU - Vulnerable (General - Panthera leo ) C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I : populations of India (26/11/2019) Appendix II : African populations EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) : Only the populations of India Annex B (20/05/2023) : all the populations of Africa Trade Afghanistan : (17/05/2013) All exports are suspended. Angola : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Australia : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (19 /03 /2018 ) Australia implements stricter domestic measures that treat African lions (Panthera leo ), African elephants (Loxodonta africana ) and all whales and dolphins (Cetacea) as though they are listed on Appendix I to CITES. Under Australian legislation, imports and exports of Appendix I species can only occur if the specimen: was obtained prior to the first listing of the species on CITES – i.e. a ‘pre-Convention’ specimen (non-live specimens only); – is traded as part of a non-commercial exchange of scientific specimens between registered institutions (non-live specimens only) is traded for research purposes (live and non-live specimens) is traded for education purposes (live and non-live specimens) is traded for exhibition purposes (non-live specimens only) is traded as part of a Cooperative Conservation Program (for live specimens only). Australia does not permit personal imports or exports of species listed on Appendix I to CITES, including hunting trophies, unless they are demonstrated to be pre-Convention specimens and are accompanied by relevant pre-Convention certificates. Australia does not recognise personal and household effects exemptions for Appendix I specimens. Australia requires import permits for trade in species listed on Appendix II to CITES, except for items covered by personal and household effects exemptions. We would appreciate your assistance in alerting exporters sending goods to Australia, commercially and/or via post, that they are required to obtain an import permit from Australia. Benin : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (19/09/2014) : Negative (Wild) Botswana : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (03/09/2014) : No decision taken (wild) Burkina Faso : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (09/04/2015) : Negative (Wild) Cameroon : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (09/04/2015) : Negative (Wild) Central African Republic : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (13/09/2022) : Negative (Wild) Chad : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Côte d'Ivoire : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Democratic Republic of Congo : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Djibouti : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (30/01/2018) All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Eswatini : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Ethiopia : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (02/01/2024) : Suspension (Wild) European Union : Official Journal of the European Union - COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2023/966 of 15 May 2023 (20/05/2023) Annex A (20/05/2023) : Only the populations of India Annex B (20/05/2023) : all the populations of Africa For African populations: a zero annual export quota is established for specimens of bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Annual export quotas for trade in bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth for commercial purposes, derived from captive breeding operations in South Africa, will be established and communicated annually to the CITES Secretariat. France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. Ghana : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Guinea : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (23/11/2023) All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Guinea Bissau : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Kenya : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. India : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (26/03/2018) [Stricter domestic measures] The Government of India has banned the export for commercial purposes of all wild-taken specimens of species included in Appendices I, II and III, except cultivated varieties of plant species included in Appendices I and II. Israel : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (13/08/2019) [Stricter domestic measures] The import of potentially invasive animals, wildlife for circus activities, poisonous animals or plants except under rare circumstances, and wild-sourced specimens of CITES-listed species for commercial purposes; and the export of native wildlife (exceptions may be made inter alia for scientific or educational purposes). Libya : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (10/01/2024) All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Malawi : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Mali : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Mozambique : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (19/09/2023) : Negative - Wild, including hunting trophies, for all populations except from the Niassa reserve (including the Chipanje Chetu community conservation area). Namibia : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (07/06/2012) : Positive (Wild) Niger : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Nigeria : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Senegal : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Somalia : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (12/01/2024) All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. South Africa : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (24/05/2023) : Positive (Wild) South Sudan : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (07/06/2012) : Scientific Review Group Referral (Wild) Sudan : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (07/06/2012) : Scientific Review Group Referral (Wild) Togo : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Tanzania : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (07/11/2016) : Positive (Wild, including hunting trophies) Uganda : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. United States : H.R. 263, the “Big Cat Public Safety Act,” which amends the Lacy Act (20/12/2022) The act revises the Lacey Act to impose stricter regulations on the trade, possession, breeding, and exhibition of big cats (lion, tiger, leopard, cheetah, jaguar, cougar, or hybrids). Key Provisions: Prohibited Activities: Importing, exporting, buying, selling, transporting, acquiring, possessing, or breeding big cats are prohibited unless exempt. Breeding Defined: Includes intentional or negligent propagation or failing to prevent reproduction. Exemptions: Entities like universities and wildlife sanctuaries may be exempt. Facilities with Class C licenses under the Animal Welfare Act can exhibit big cats if direct contact with the public is prohibited (with exceptions for professionals or conservation-related activities). Grandfather Clause: Owners may keep big cats born before the law's enactment but must register them with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Penalties: Violators face fines up to $20,000, imprisonment for up to five years, or both. Each violation is treated as a separate offense. Forfeiture: Big cats bred or possessed in violation of the law are subject to forfeiture. Implementation: The Department of the Interior will issue regulations to enforce the act. This legislation aims to enhance the conservation of big cats, prioritize public safety, and reduce illegal trade. Rules through the United States : Alabama: Restrictions on exotic animals like giant snails, bobcats, and venomous reptiles unless permitted before 2021. No release of non-native animals without a license. Alaska: Broad restrictions on wildlife, including wolf hybrids and chimpanzees. Some pets, like ferrets, are legal without a permit. Arizona: Extensive restrictions require permits for many species like primates, foxes, and Gila monsters. Permits are issued for specific purposes like education. Arkansas: Large carnivores and primates are restricted unless permitted before set years. Some venomous reptiles are allowed with permits, and up to six captive-bred animals like raccoons can be owned without a permit. California: Prohibits most wild animals, including bears and primates, but allows hybrids like Savannah cats. Colorado: Most exotic animals like primates and raccoons are banned, but hedgehogs and sugar gliders are allowed without permits. Connecticut: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and wolves. Limited ownership of primates allowed under specific conditions. Delaware: Requires permits for exotic animals; no comprehensive list of banned animals is provided. District of Columbia: Only common domestic pets like cats, dogs, and some birds are allowed. Exotic species are banned. Florida: Animals categorized into Classes I-III, with varying permit requirements. Non-dangerous animals like ferrets are exempt. Georgia: Strict permitting for wild animals like kangaroos and venomous snakes, while ferrets and sugar gliders are allowed under specific conditions. Hawaii: Most exotic animals, including hedgehogs and ferrets, are banned. A limited number of domesticated animals are permitted. Idaho: Prohibits animals harmful to agriculture, like wild boars and large cats. Llamas and guinea pigs are allowed without permits. Illinois: Restricts dangerous animals like large cats and wolves to organizations. Existing primates are allowed if registered. Indiana: Allows exotic animal ownership with permits for different classes, from squirrels to large predators. Iowa: Restricts dangerous wild animals unless permitted before 2007. Hybrids of domestic species are allowed. Kansas: Limits ownership of regulated animals like large cats, bears, and venomous snakes to approved facilities. Kentucky: Bans inherently dangerous animals like primates and bears. Some permits available for non-dangerous species. Louisiana: Requires permits for large snakes and prohibits endangered or dangerous species like bears and wolves. Maine: Broad restrictions on exotic pets like giraffes and kangaroos. Some exotic animals like coati are permitted. Maryland: Prohibits dangerous animals like primates and large cats unless registered before 2006. Massachusetts: Strict restrictions on endangered species and venomous reptiles. Ferrets allowed under specific conditions. Michigan: Restricts ownership of non-native species like large cats. Permits are available for captive-bred wildlife. Minnesota: Prohibits regulated animals like large cats unless registered before 2005. Mississippi: Requires liability insurance for permits to own inherently dangerous animals like elephants and primates. Missouri: Requires registration of dangerous reptiles and mammals with law enforcement. Montana: Requires annual permits for wild animals like large cats and bears. Many small exotics are legal without permits. Nebraska: Captive wildlife permits needed for most wild animals, excluding certain species like skunks and bears. Nevada: Relatively lenient, banning certain species like alligators but allowing primates and large cats. New Hampshire: Controlled species like armadillos and cougars require permits. New Jersey: Permits required for many species, including ferrets and primates. Some small animals are exempt. New Mexico: Regulates zoonotic disease carriers like skunks and raccoons; local laws may impose additional restrictions. New York: Prohibits most wild animals and hybrids; fines imposed for violations. North Carolina: Exotic pet laws vary by county or city; no statewide restrictions. North Dakota: Dangerous or hazardous animals like zebras and primates require licenses. Ohio: Strict laws after a 2011 incident, banning dangerous wild animals like tigers and bears without permits. Oklahoma: Permits required for venomous reptiles, while many exotic animals are exempt from regulation. Oregon: Prohibits wild cat species and large predators; permits available for service monkeys. Pennsylvania: Exotic wildlife permits required for animals like lions, wolves, and venomous snakes. Rhode Island: Only specific organizations can own wild carnivores like lions and tigers. South Carolina: Restricts large cats and apes unless registered by 2018. South Dakota: Permits required for most exotic animals, with specific rules for raccoon dogs. Tennessee: Classifies animals by risk level, requiring permits for certain classes. Texas: Requires a certificate of registration for dangerous wild animals like wild cats and primates. Utah: Controlled, noncontrolled, and prohibited animals require different levels of permitting. Vermont: Requires permits for exotic animals not on the unrestricted list. Virginia: Exotic animals like wild cats and crocodiles require permits. Washington: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and venomous snakes. West Virginia: Requires permits with strict conditions for keeping wild animals. Wisconsin: Requires licenses for wild animals, but some, like opossums and ground squirrels, are exempt. Wyoming: Requires permits for most wildlife unless specifically exempted. Highlights: Stringent Restrictions: Hawaii, California, and New York are among the strictest states. Lenient Laws: Indiana and Nevada allow more exotic animals with fewer restrictions. Common Prohibitions: Dangerous animals like large cats, bears, primates, and venomous reptiles are frequently restricted. Permits: Most states offer permits for special cases like education or scientific purposes. Zambia : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (07/03/2016) : Positive (Wild, including hunting trophies) Zimbabwe : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (12/12/2023) : In consultation (Wild) References : Species+ Panthera leo Asiatic subpopulation (Asiatic Lion) Panthera leo (Lion) Bills Signed: H.R. 263, H.R. 1193, H.R. 5796, H.R. 7077, S. 198, S. 231, S. 1617, S. 2796, S. 3092, S. 3115, S. 3499, S. 3662, S. 3875 | The White House Laws on Exotic Animals for Each State H.R.263 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Big Cat Public Safety Act | Congress.gov | Library of Congress Notification to the Parties 2022 Notification to the Parties 2024 Letter template-NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES Notification to the Parties No. 2019/ Notification to the Parties No. 2019/035 Notification to the Parties No. 2018/031 Notification to the Parties No. 2018/025 Notification to the Parties No. 2018/015 Notification to the Parties Publications Office Publications Office 69_summary_srg rev.pdf Microsoft Word - SRG 98 short SOC_v3 final rev 30.01.24 71_summary_srg.pdf 15597 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2770 of 12 December 2023 prohibiting the introduction into the Union of specimens of certain species of wild fauna and flora in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein Microsoft Word - SRG 98 short SOC_v3 final rev 30.01.24 89_summary_SRG.pdf DRAFT 16122 77_summary_srg.pdf 75_summary_srg.pdf Microsoft Word - SRG 99 short SOC_v3 30.01.2024 Microsoft Word - SRG 98 short SOC_v3 final rev 30.01.24 Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Saiga antelope Saiga Saiga antelope. Credit: Richard Reading U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters Localization Saiga tatartica : middle Asie Saiga mongoliana : Mongolia Threats Traditional medicine Poaching Diseases Population Growing populations I.U.C.N. : N.T. - Near Threatened (updated 11/12/2023) C.I.T.E.S : Appendix II Bonn Convention : Appendix II Trade Global Asia : The horns of males are very popular in traditional Asian medicine. Chine (P.R.C.) : WORKSHOP ON THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF SAIGA ANTELOPE Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (27-29/09/2010) Unexplained catastrophic population declines and subsequent recoveries were observed throughout the species' range in the early to mid-1900s. The current decline can be attributed to the combined effects of changes in vegetation to species less palatable to saiga antelope, competition with domestic livestock, increased abundance of predators, disruption of migration routes, poaching and illegal trade. Continued poaching for meat and the illegal trade in horns are seriously exacerbating conservation efforts, especially at this time when all populations of the species are declining. [...] Sustainable use and trade regulation: Formalize the lines of communication started at the workshop (e.g. through the CITES range and consumer State authorities) and use these lines of communication to: i) Explore possible bilateral collaboration between Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and range states ii) Develop options for the establishment of a fund or other enabling mechanism through which the TCM industry could provide financial, technical and human resources to range States to address identified and mutually agreed priorities for in situ restoration of saiga trees. iii) Identify and establish incentive programs that benefit local communities within the saiga range and gain their support for conservation efforts. iv) To explore the feasibility and means of using horns from natural sources, mortality, and government or judicial confiscations. (v) Continue efforts in China to verify and control reported stockpiles of saiga parts. Share lessons learned with other consumer and range States. (vi) Continue research to: a) reduce the use of saiga in traditional Chinese medicine and b) identify alternatives to saiga horn. vii) To consider elements of a possible long-term trade relationship between the MCT, industry and range States, which could serve as a means to prevent poaching and illegal trade in saiga antelope. (viii) Strengthen law enforcement cooperation (e.g. information or intelligence, experience, equipment, capacity building, etc.) between range and consumer States. (ix) Review and revise, as appropriate, national policies to ensure consistency with conservation and sustainable use objectives. Kazakhstan : Workshop on the Implementation and Coordination of the Saiga Antelope (Saiga spp.) Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and other CMS Instruments for Migratory Ungulates in Kazakhstan (17-18/02/2011) The meeting, chaired by Mr. Khairbek Mussabaev (Forestry and Hunting Committee), confirmed [...] a dramatic increase in poaching exclusively targeting saiga horns, which are only worn by saiga males and is therefore likely to lead to a serious decline in males. The following priority measures for the conservation of saiga antelopes in Kazakhstan have been identified within the framework of the MTIWP 2011-2015: [...] Strengthen the relevant capacities of agencies involved in the prevention of illegal trade and export of horns and horn products, such as customs. The participants further [...] recommended: (i) to include the above-mentioned priorities in National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) and other sectoral development programmes in Kazakhstan (ii) improve coordination between government agencies involved in the fight against the saiga tree. conservation and protection (e.g., customs, police, border patrol) and (iii) improve the process of interaction and negotiation with the Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine and enterprises, reiterating the recommendations of the Urumqi Saiga meeting in 2010. It has been reported that poaching in Betpak-dala has become more high-tech and that the population of Ustiurt continues to decline rapidly. Also, partnerships with Chinese agencies (CITES and the UNEP/CMS secretariat) were under negotiation at the time of writing. It was necessary to ensure that a bilateral project would not fuel the illegal trade in saiga horn. [...] For the population of Ustiurt, it is necessary to strengthen the fight against poaching, and for the population of Betpak-Dala, the need to strengthen the involvement of the local population in the conservation of the saiga tree. The increase in poaching of saiga horn was discussed with law enforcement agencies in the saiga area and with the Astana Prosecutor General's Office in 2010. The Ministry of Communication and Information has instructed its central and regional divisions to ban all advertising for the sale or trade of saiga horn in the media. Mr. Sergei Orlov, representative of the state-owned company Okhotzooprom, added that there were anecdotal reports of illegal structures in Kazakhstan that processed saiga horn and exported the crushed product. Until now, customs had not encountered such cases. The price of saiga horn is said to have increased, which has boosted the supply of saiga horn. It is also planned to improve the capacity and level of awareness of the services involved in the prevention of illegal trade and exports, including the customs services. Creation of resources and databases that can be consulted online, as part of the MOU. Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Russia and Turkmenistan: Saiga Antelope Memorandum of Understanding (2006) Noting that the Saiga antelope is listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (Washington, D.C., 1973); Concerned about the unsustainable or illegal domestic and international trade in specimens of the species; Aware that the CITES Standing Committee has recommended the development of a regional strategy for the conservation of the saiga antelope; Concerned that poaching and illegal trade in horns and other products, uncontrolled hunting, destruction of habitats and construction of irrigation canals, roads and other obstacles to natural dispersal and migration have contributed to the recent decline in saiga antelope populations, and that economic hardship, impoverishment of local communities and poor land-use planning are causes, which must be remedied to preserve the saiga antelope; Noting the need to improve the protection of the Saiga antelope and its habitats in each range State and the importance of regional cooperation for its conservation, restoration and sustainable use, including international trade; Recognizing that coordinated and concerted national and transboundary actions by the authorities of the range States responsible for the conservation and management of the Saiga Antelope, subregional, regional and international organizations, professional and trade associations, local communities, non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders would enhance its conservation, its recovery and sustainable use, as well as those of habitats and ecosystems that are important to its long-term survival. The Parties AGREE to collaborate on the improvement of the conservation status of the Saiga Antelope throughout its range and to undertake national and joint activities to conserve, restore and sustainably use the species and habitats and ecosystems important for its long-term survival, including the measures specified in the Action Plan which is annexed to and forms an integral part of this Memorandum of Understanding. References : MOU Text | Saiga Antelope (cms.int) Saiga tatarica | CMS Espèces | CMS Saiga_WorkShop_Urumqi_FINAL_REPORT_English.pdf (cms.int) Meeting Recommendations_En_rev_3May11.pdf (cms.int) Meeting_Report_Eng_with_annexes_rev.pdf (cms.int) Saiga Conservation Alliance (11/12/2023)

Who are we ? ང་ཚོ་སུ་ཡིན་ནམ། English version / དབྱིན་ཡིག་ཐོན་རིམ། : The Digital Green Bridge Bhutan–OURANOS is a unique collaboration between Bhutan’s deep respect for nature and the global expertise of the OURANOS Project, which originated in France. We are a small but determined team committed to protecting biodiversity by bridging traditional conservation wisdom with modern digital technology. Our mission is to connect conservationists, scientists, and communities across borders, using innovative tools to monitor and combat wildlife crime — especially illegal trade happening online. Together, we amplify voices that protect endangered species and foster a future where humans and nature coexist in harmony. Though young and modest in size, our passion and vision reach far beyond borders. Dzongkha version / རྫོང་ཁའི་ཐོན་རིམ། : ཌིཇི་ཊཱལ་གིརིན་བྲིག་བོད་ཐང་–ཨོཨུ་ར་ནོས་ནི་ འབྲུག་གི་རང་བཞིན་ལ་གནད་པར་བརྒྱབ་ནས་འགན་འཁུར་བྱེད་པའི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ཞིག་དང་ འཕྲུལ་བའི་རིག་གནས་ལས་ཀ་འབྱོར་བ་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་གནང་བའི་ནང་ལས་ཨོཨུ་ར་ནོས་རྒྱུན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནས་འགན་འཁུར་བྱས་པ་ཡིན། ང་ཚོ་ནང་གིས་ཡིད་དབང་མཐུན་པའི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་གྱིས་རང་བཞིན་ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་གྲུབ་འབྲས་གནང་བ་དང་། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་དང་མི་རབས་གྱིས་དབུ་འཇུག་བྱེད་དེ་ལས་འབྲེལ་བ་བྱས་ཡོད་པས། འདི་རྗེས་ལས་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོད་པའི་རིག་གནས་དང་སྲིད་དོན་གྱི་སྐུལ་བ་བྱེད་པ་འདི་ཉིད་ཡིན། ང་ཚོ་གི་ལས་འགན་དེ་མཐར་འཁོར་དང་བཅས་ན་རང་རྩེ་མཐར་དགའ་བ་ཡོད།