Localization

South Asia, South-Eastern Asia (Lorises)

West Africa and Central Africa (Angwantibos and pottos)

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Threats

• Annual and perennial non-timber crops

• Wood and pulp plantations

• Logging and wood harvesting

• Hunting

• Trapping

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Population

Decreasing​​

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Trade

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Internet :

According to Nekaris et al. (2015), the 100 videos viewed contained 122 individual slow lorises. Bengal slow loris (N. bengalensis;37%) and pygmy slow loris (N. pygmaeus;39%) occurred most frequently, followed by greater slow loris (N. coucang;16%), Javan slow loris (N. javanicus;4%) and Philippine slow loris (N. menagensis;3%) as well as one purported hybrid (1%). Slow loris videos were predominantly uploaded from 5 countries, China (15%), Thailand (15%), Vietnam (7%), all slow loris range countries, Japan (28%) and Russia (12%). For China, 6 of the 15 individuals recorded were non-native species, and for Thailand, 5 of the 15 individuals recorded were not native to the country. With regard to age class, most slow lorises were adults (55%), followed by juveniles (23%) and infants (22%).

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All 100 videos found showed at least 1 negative condition, with 4% showing only 1 condition, but with nearly one third (31%) showing all 5 negative conditions. Presence of conditions included human contact (57%), daylight (87%), signs of stress and ill health (53%), unnatural environmental conditions (91%) and isolation from conspecifics (77%). In 49% of the videos at least 1 of the slow lorises present was obese. In 8 separate videos infections were observed around the muzzle of an individual, indicating that teeth had been removed, and 3 animals exhibited open wounds consistent with being bitten by a conspecific. The average duration of the videos was 129 ± 92.9 s; there was no relation between the duration of the video and the number of conditions shown.

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Cambodia :

Cambodia lists them as protected, with penalties of one month in prison and fines of US$2.50 to US$250 in 2010 for anyone who catches, hunts, poisons, or transports them.

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​Democratic Republic of Congo :​

West African potto (Perodicticus potto) : Quota : 100 - Live (2024)​

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Guinea :

APPLICATION OF ARTICLE XIII IN GUINEA Recommendation to maintain the suspension of trade for commercial purposes with Guinea in specimens of all CITES-listed species and other recommendations (23/11/2023)

All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended.

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Guinea-Bissau :

CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA 22/01/2018)

The Secretariat informed Parties of the recommendation by the Standing Committee that all Parties suspend commercial trade with Guinea-Bissau and Liberia in specimens of CITES-listed species until further notice for failure to adopt appropriate legislative measures to implement the Convention.

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India :

Ban on trade in wild fauna and flora, except certain specimens of Dalbergia latifolia and Dalbergia sissoo (26/03/2018)​​

India permits the export of cultivated varieties of plant species included in Appendices I and II and has indicated that all products, other than the wood and wood products in the form of logs, timber, stumps, roots, bark, chips, powder, flakes, dust and charcoal, produced from wild sourced (W) Dalbergia sissoo and Dalbergia latifolia and authorized for export by a CITES Comparable Certificate issued by the competent authorities of India are exempted from the general ban. Such Dalbergia sissoo and Dalbergia latifolia specimens are harvested legally as per the regional and national laws of India and as per the prescribed management (working) plans, which are based on silvicultural principles and all are covered under Legal Procurement Certificate; all the material are sold from the Government timber depots through auction or are legally procured and can be exported legally.

 

Starting on the date of this Notification, all the CITES Comparable Certificates will be issued with a footnote, stating that the wild (W) source specimens are covered under Legal Procurement Certificate as per regional and national laws in India.

 

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Indonesia :

In Indonesia, the slow loris trade has been illegal since 1973, when the Agriculture Ministry passed Decree No. 66. This regulation was clarified in 1999 with Government Regulation No. 7 ("Protection of Wild Flora and Fauna") and Act No. 5 ("Biodiversity Conservation"). Violators are subject to five years in prison and a fine of 100 million rupiah (~US$10,000).

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Hundreds of Indonesian lorises are traded domestically every year, sold in open-air “bird markets,” by the side of the road, and even at shopping malls. Because they look cute and cuddly, they are desirable as pets or even as a kind of “living toy” for children. Buyers typically do not know anything about these animals and so are unaware of their endangered status. Local hunters work for specialized animal trade mafias. Traders will buy them and take them to the main markets in big cities, where customers will pay around 300,000 to 500,000 rupiahs (US$32 to US$54) for one animal. Often, the buyers are Western tourists or expatriates who sometimes pay up to 1,000,000 rupiahs (US$108). The buyers feel pity for these poor animals, although they don’t know that buying them is cruel—and technically illegal. Lorises are not well adapted to captivity and are very stress-sensitive.

 

On top of this, owners usually have no idea how to care for their new purchases and do not feed their lorises a proper diet. Consequently, captive lorises often die of nutritional problems, pneumonia, and stress. One additional cause of death for traded lorises is dental infections, with a death rate of up to 90 percent. Lorises’ teeth are often brutally cut or pulled out by traders using nail cutters, causing unbearable pain. Lorises with no teeth are not able to fend for themselves in the wild, as they use their canines and a special venom they produce in their brachial glands to stun their prey and protect themselves from predators. These lorises are unreleasable and must remain in captivity the rest of their lives. (Sanchez, 2008)

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On the internet, loris bones have already be sold on the online platform TokopediaⓇ for traditional medicine and living individuals as pets.

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Laos :​

​Recommendation to suspend trade for commercial purposes with the Lao People's Democratic Republic in specimens of all CITES-listed species and other recommendations (21/11/2023)

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All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended.

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Liberia :

CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA 22/01/2018)

The Secretariat informed Parties of the recommendation by the Standing Committee that all Parties suspend commercial trade with Guinea-Bissau and Liberia in specimens of CITES-listed species until further notice for failure to adopt appropriate legislative measures to implement the Convention.

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Philippines :​

​CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (29/11-/2010)

The export for commercial purposes of wild-caught specimens of wild terrestrial fauna is prohibited. Only specimens bred in captivity by breeders authorized and registered by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the CITES Management Authority for terrestrial wildlife, may be exported. This restriction has been in effect since 15 February 1994.

Parties are urged to help the Philippines in implementing the bans mentioned above and to inform it of any attempts to import into their territories specimens subject to the prohibition.

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Togo :​

West African potto (Perodicticus potto) : Quota : 10 - Wild-taken (2024)​​​​​​