Smart Research

Rhone streber Zingel asper Apron du Rhône - équipe de la réserve , Jean-Bernard Catella Localisation Rhone Basin, France, Switzerland Threats Water pollution Dams and water uses Droughts Population Decreasing I.U.C.N. : C .R. - Critically endangered C.I.T.E.S : not indexed Trade France : Article L436-9 of the Environmental Code The administrative authority responsible for freshwater fisheries (DDT) may authorise the capture, transport or sale of fish at any time, for health, scientific and ecological purposes, in particular to enable them to be rescued, counted, reproduced, to promote restocking and to remedy biological imbalances: under national legislation, its transport and release only require a "fishing" permit under - Article L436-9 of the Environmental Code, instructed by the DDT in charge of freshwater fishing - the transposition into French law of international and European obligations remains very incomplete for this species (unlike, in particular, the European sturgeon) References : PNA-Apron-du-Rhone.pdf (biodiversite.gouv.fr) Zingel asper (iucnredlist.org) Article L436-9 - Code de l'environnement - Légifrance

Bonelli's eagle Aquila fasciata Tomáš Bělka Localization Mediterranean periphery, arabic peninsula, middle, Southern and South-East Asia Threats Hunt and persecution Intoxication Collisions (power lines, aeolian and photovoltaic parks, road traffic) Nest sites troubling Habitat degradation Electrocution Poaching Agriculture Prays decreasing Petting/shows Trichomonosis Population Between 20 000 and 49 999 matures individuals, populations not split, decreasing I.U.C.N. status : Global : L.C. - Low Concern France : E .N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S : Appendix II (03/03/1973) Rule n°338/97 of the European Council : Annex A (09/12/1996) Trade France : Journal Officiel de la République Française (JORF) du 17/09/1978 Last update JORF of the 22/03/1996 Mentionned as vulnerable species with strictly forbidden trade. Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. References : PNA_Aigle-de-Bonelli_2014-2023.pdf (biodiversite.gouv.fr) Aquila fasciata (Aigle de Bonelli) (iucnredlist.org) Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Lion Panthera leo Localization Africa and India Threats Housing and urban areas Annual and perennial non-timber crops Livestock farming and ranching Hunting and trapping terrestrial animals Logging and wood harvesting War, civil unrest and military exercises Agricultural and forestry effluents Population : Stable (populations of India) Decreasing (General) U.I.C.N. : EN - Endangered (populations of India - Panthera leo persica ) VU - Vulnerable (General - Panthera leo ) C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I : populations of India (26/11/2019) Appendix II : African populations EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) : Only the populations of India Annex B (20/05/2023) : all the populations of Africa Trade Afghanistan : (17/05/2013) All exports are suspended. Angola : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Australia : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (19 /03 /2018 ) Australia implements stricter domestic measures that treat African lions (Panthera leo ), African elephants (Loxodonta africana ) and all whales and dolphins (Cetacea) as though they are listed on Appendix I to CITES. Under Australian legislation, imports and exports of Appendix I species can only occur if the specimen: was obtained prior to the first listing of the species on CITES – i.e. a ‘pre-Convention’ specimen (non-live specimens only); – is traded as part of a non-commercial exchange of scientific specimens between registered institutions (non-live specimens only) is traded for research purposes (live and non-live specimens) is traded for education purposes (live and non-live specimens) is traded for exhibition purposes (non-live specimens only) is traded as part of a Cooperative Conservation Program (for live specimens only). Australia does not permit personal imports or exports of species listed on Appendix I to CITES, including hunting trophies, unless they are demonstrated to be pre-Convention specimens and are accompanied by relevant pre-Convention certificates. Australia does not recognise personal and household effects exemptions for Appendix I specimens. Australia requires import permits for trade in species listed on Appendix II to CITES, except for items covered by personal and household effects exemptions. We would appreciate your assistance in alerting exporters sending goods to Australia, commercially and/or via post, that they are required to obtain an import permit from Australia. Benin : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (19/09/2014) : Negative (Wild) Botswana : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (03/09/2014) : No decision taken (wild) Burkina Faso : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (09/04/2015) : Negative (Wild) Cameroon : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (09/04/2015) : Negative (Wild) Central African Republic : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (13/09/2022) : Negative (Wild) Chad : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Côte d'Ivoire : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Democratic Republic of Congo : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Djibouti : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (30/01/2018) All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Eswatini : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Ethiopia : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (02/01/2024) : Suspension (Wild) European Union : Official Journal of the European Union - COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2023/966 of 15 May 2023 (20/05/2023) Annex A (20/05/2023) : Only the populations of India Annex B (20/05/2023) : all the populations of Africa For African populations: a zero annual export quota is established for specimens of bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Annual export quotas for trade in bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth for commercial purposes, derived from captive breeding operations in South Africa, will be established and communicated annually to the CITES Secretariat. France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. Ghana : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Guinea : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (23/11/2023) All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Guinea Bissau : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Kenya : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. India : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (26/03/2018) [Stricter domestic measures] The Government of India has banned the export for commercial purposes of all wild-taken specimens of species included in Appendices I, II and III, except cultivated varieties of plant species included in Appendices I and II. Israel : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (13/08/2019) [Stricter domestic measures] The import of potentially invasive animals, wildlife for circus activities, poisonous animals or plants except under rare circumstances, and wild-sourced specimens of CITES-listed species for commercial purposes; and the export of native wildlife (exceptions may be made inter alia for scientific or educational purposes). Libya : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (10/01/2024) All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Malawi : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Mali : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Mozambique : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (19/09/2023) : Negative - Wild, including hunting trophies, for all populations except from the Niassa reserve (including the Chipanje Chetu community conservation area). Namibia : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (07/06/2012) : Positive (Wild) Niger : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Nigeria : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Senegal : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Somalia : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES (12/01/2024) All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. South Africa : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (24/05/2023) : Positive (Wild) South Sudan : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (07/06/2012) : Scientific Review Group Referral (Wild) Sudan : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (07/06/2012) : Scientific Review Group Referral (Wild) Togo : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. Tanzania : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (07/11/2016) : Positive (Wild, including hunting trophies) Uganda : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. United States : H.R. 263, the “Big Cat Public Safety Act,” which amends the Lacy Act (20/12/2022) The act revises the Lacey Act to impose stricter regulations on the trade, possession, breeding, and exhibition of big cats (lion, tiger, leopard, cheetah, jaguar, cougar, or hybrids). Key Provisions: Prohibited Activities: Importing, exporting, buying, selling, transporting, acquiring, possessing, or breeding big cats are prohibited unless exempt. Breeding Defined: Includes intentional or negligent propagation or failing to prevent reproduction. Exemptions: Entities like universities and wildlife sanctuaries may be exempt. Facilities with Class C licenses under the Animal Welfare Act can exhibit big cats if direct contact with the public is prohibited (with exceptions for professionals or conservation-related activities). Grandfather Clause: Owners may keep big cats born before the law's enactment but must register them with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Penalties: Violators face fines up to $20,000, imprisonment for up to five years, or both. Each violation is treated as a separate offense. Forfeiture: Big cats bred or possessed in violation of the law are subject to forfeiture. Implementation: The Department of the Interior will issue regulations to enforce the act. This legislation aims to enhance the conservation of big cats, prioritize public safety, and reduce illegal trade. Rules through the United States : Alabama: Restrictions on exotic animals like giant snails, bobcats, and venomous reptiles unless permitted before 2021. No release of non-native animals without a license. Alaska: Broad restrictions on wildlife, including wolf hybrids and chimpanzees. Some pets, like ferrets, are legal without a permit. Arizona: Extensive restrictions require permits for many species like primates, foxes, and Gila monsters. Permits are issued for specific purposes like education. Arkansas: Large carnivores and primates are restricted unless permitted before set years. Some venomous reptiles are allowed with permits, and up to six captive-bred animals like raccoons can be owned without a permit. California: Prohibits most wild animals, including bears and primates, but allows hybrids like Savannah cats. Colorado: Most exotic animals like primates and raccoons are banned, but hedgehogs and sugar gliders are allowed without permits. Connecticut: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and wolves. Limited ownership of primates allowed under specific conditions. Delaware: Requires permits for exotic animals; no comprehensive list of banned animals is provided. District of Columbia: Only common domestic pets like cats, dogs, and some birds are allowed. Exotic species are banned. Florida: Animals categorized into Classes I-III, with varying permit requirements. Non-dangerous animals like ferrets are exempt. Georgia: Strict permitting for wild animals like kangaroos and venomous snakes, while ferrets and sugar gliders are allowed under specific conditions. Hawaii: Most exotic animals, including hedgehogs and ferrets, are banned. A limited number of domesticated animals are permitted. Idaho: Prohibits animals harmful to agriculture, like wild boars and large cats. Llamas and guinea pigs are allowed without permits. Illinois: Restricts dangerous animals like large cats and wolves to organizations. Existing primates are allowed if registered. Indiana: Allows exotic animal ownership with permits for different classes, from squirrels to large predators. Iowa: Restricts dangerous wild animals unless permitted before 2007. Hybrids of domestic species are allowed. Kansas: Limits ownership of regulated animals like large cats, bears, and venomous snakes to approved facilities. Kentucky: Bans inherently dangerous animals like primates and bears. Some permits available for non-dangerous species. Louisiana: Requires permits for large snakes and prohibits endangered or dangerous species like bears and wolves. Maine: Broad restrictions on exotic pets like giraffes and kangaroos. Some exotic animals like coati are permitted. Maryland: Prohibits dangerous animals like primates and large cats unless registered before 2006. Massachusetts: Strict restrictions on endangered species and venomous reptiles. Ferrets allowed under specific conditions. Michigan: Restricts ownership of non-native species like large cats. Permits are available for captive-bred wildlife. Minnesota: Prohibits regulated animals like large cats unless registered before 2005. Mississippi: Requires liability insurance for permits to own inherently dangerous animals like elephants and primates. Missouri: Requires registration of dangerous reptiles and mammals with law enforcement. Montana: Requires annual permits for wild animals like large cats and bears. Many small exotics are legal without permits. Nebraska: Captive wildlife permits needed for most wild animals, excluding certain species like skunks and bears. Nevada: Relatively lenient, banning certain species like alligators but allowing primates and large cats. New Hampshire: Controlled species like armadillos and cougars require permits. New Jersey: Permits required for many species, including ferrets and primates. Some small animals are exempt. New Mexico: Regulates zoonotic disease carriers like skunks and raccoons; local laws may impose additional restrictions. New York: Prohibits most wild animals and hybrids; fines imposed for violations. North Carolina: Exotic pet laws vary by county or city; no statewide restrictions. North Dakota: Dangerous or hazardous animals like zebras and primates require licenses. Ohio: Strict laws after a 2011 incident, banning dangerous wild animals like tigers and bears without permits. Oklahoma: Permits required for venomous reptiles, while many exotic animals are exempt from regulation. Oregon: Prohibits wild cat species and large predators; permits available for service monkeys. Pennsylvania: Exotic wildlife permits required for animals like lions, wolves, and venomous snakes. Rhode Island: Only specific organizations can own wild carnivores like lions and tigers. South Carolina: Restricts large cats and apes unless registered by 2018. South Dakota: Permits required for most exotic animals, with specific rules for raccoon dogs. Tennessee: Classifies animals by risk level, requiring permits for certain classes. Texas: Requires a certificate of registration for dangerous wild animals like wild cats and primates. Utah: Controlled, noncontrolled, and prohibited animals require different levels of permitting. Vermont: Requires permits for exotic animals not on the unrestricted list. Virginia: Exotic animals like wild cats and crocodiles require permits. Washington: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and venomous snakes. West Virginia: Requires permits with strict conditions for keeping wild animals. Wisconsin: Requires licenses for wild animals, but some, like opossums and ground squirrels, are exempt. Wyoming: Requires permits for most wildlife unless specifically exempted. Highlights: Stringent Restrictions: Hawaii, California, and New York are among the strictest states. Lenient Laws: Indiana and Nevada allow more exotic animals with fewer restrictions. Common Prohibitions: Dangerous animals like large cats, bears, primates, and venomous reptiles are frequently restricted. Permits: Most states offer permits for special cases like education or scientific purposes. Zambia : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (07/03/2016) : Positive (Wild, including hunting trophies) Zimbabwe : Conference of the Parties Quota (2024) : 0 Bones, bone pieces, bone products, claws, skeletons, skulls and teeth removed from the wild and traded for commercial purposes. EU DECISIONS (12/12/2023) : In consultation (Wild) References : Species+ Panthera leo Asiatic subpopulation (Asiatic Lion) Panthera leo (Lion) Bills Signed: H.R. 263, H.R. 1193, H.R. 5796, H.R. 7077, S. 198, S. 231, S. 1617, S. 2796, S. 3092, S. 3115, S. 3499, S. 3662, S. 3875 | The White House Laws on Exotic Animals for Each State H.R.263 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Big Cat Public Safety Act | Congress.gov | Library of Congress Notification to the Parties 2022 Notification to the Parties 2024 Letter template-NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES Notification to the Parties No. 2019/ Notification to the Parties No. 2019/035 Notification to the Parties No. 2018/031 Notification to the Parties No. 2018/025 Notification to the Parties No. 2018/015 Notification to the Parties Publications Office Publications Office 69_summary_srg rev.pdf Microsoft Word - SRG 98 short SOC_v3 final rev 30.01.24 71_summary_srg.pdf 15597 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2770 of 12 December 2023 prohibiting the introduction into the Union of specimens of certain species of wild fauna and flora in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein Microsoft Word - SRG 98 short SOC_v3 final rev 30.01.24 89_summary_SRG.pdf DRAFT 16122 77_summary_srg.pdf 75_summary_srg.pdf Microsoft Word - SRG 99 short SOC_v3 30.01.2024 Microsoft Word - SRG 98 short SOC_v3 final rev 30.01.24 Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Reptiles and Amphibians Reptilia and Amphibia I.U.C.N. : L.C. : Low Concern N.T. : Not Threatened VU : Vulnerable EN : Endangered CR : Critically Endangered EW : Extinct in the Wild EX : Extinct C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I : strictly forbidden trade (or allowed by special agreements) Appendix II : restricted trade Appendix III : allowed trade not indexed : no C.I.T.E.S. status Localization World but Polar areas Threats Population Decreasing Trade Australia : Chekunov et al . (2024) highlight in their study the widespread international trade of Australian reptiles and amphibians, revealing concerning trends: Species in Trade: Over 160 Australian reptile species and 7 frog species are involved in the global pet trade. Popular species include central bearded dragons, ridgetail monitors, and barking geckos. Online Trade: Reptiles dominate online markets, with the central bearded dragon appearing on 142 websites. Social media plays a significant role in trading rare species. Smuggling and Seizures: Smuggling incidents often involve shinglebacks, central bearded dragons, and Gidgee skinks. Germany and China are common destinations for illegally traded species. CITES Protections: More than half of the traded species are listed under CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), protecting them against illegal trade. Many species were added to CITES protections as recently as 2022. Trade Hotspots: The U.S. and Germany are key players, with Germany being a major exporter and target for smugglers. Central bearded dragons are the most widely traded species globally. Concerns: Wildlife trade impacts native populations, threatens species with extinction, and fosters cruel smuggling practices. This research underscores the need for stricter regulations and enforcement to protect Australia's unique biodiversity. France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. References : Chekunov et al. (2024) - Scale of unregulated international trade in Australian reptiles and amphibians - The Society for Conservation Biology Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Articles - laws and geopolitics OURANOS Project - Team ZAN The Legal and Conservation Battle for the Okinawa Dugong Read the article Sumatra Ecoproject What You Should Know About Law Enforcement and Wildlife Crime in Sumatra Read the article

Who are we ? ང་ཚོ་སུ་ཡིན་ནམ། English version / དབྱིན་ཡིག་ཐོན་རིམ། : The Digital Green Bridge Bhutan–OURANOS is a unique collaboration between Bhutan’s deep respect for nature and the global expertise of the OURANOS Project, which originated in France. We are a small but determined team committed to protecting biodiversity by bridging traditional conservation wisdom with modern digital technology. Our mission is to connect conservationists, scientists, and communities across borders, using innovative tools to monitor and combat wildlife crime — especially illegal trade happening online. Together, we amplify voices that protect endangered species and foster a future where humans and nature coexist in harmony. Though young and modest in size, our passion and vision reach far beyond borders. Dzongkha version / རྫོང་ཁའི་ཐོན་རིམ། : ཌིཇི་ཊཱལ་གིརིན་བྲིག་བོད་ཐང་–ཨོཨུ་ར་ནོས་ནི་ འབྲུག་གི་རང་བཞིན་ལ་གནད་པར་བརྒྱབ་ནས་འགན་འཁུར་བྱེད་པའི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ཞིག་དང་ འཕྲུལ་བའི་རིག་གནས་ལས་ཀ་འབྱོར་བ་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་གནང་བའི་ནང་ལས་ཨོཨུ་ར་ནོས་རྒྱུན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནས་འགན་འཁུར་བྱས་པ་ཡིན། ང་ཚོ་ནང་གིས་ཡིད་དབང་མཐུན་པའི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་གྱིས་རང་བཞིན་ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་གྲུབ་འབྲས་གནང་བ་དང་། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་དང་མི་རབས་གྱིས་དབུ་འཇུག་བྱེད་དེ་ལས་འབྲེལ་བ་བྱས་ཡོད་པས། འདི་རྗེས་ལས་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོད་པའི་རིག་གནས་དང་སྲིད་དོན་གྱི་སྐུལ་བ་བྱེད་པ་འདི་ཉིད་ཡིན། ང་ཚོ་གི་ལས་འགན་དེ་མཐར་འཁོར་དང་བཅས་ན་རང་རྩེ་མཐར་དགའ་བ་ཡོད།

Direct sheets mammals Find, check and signal ! Apes (Hominidae) Armadillo Binturong Bats Capybara Dugong Fennec fox Galago (Bush baby) Kinkajou Lion Loris, pottos and angwantibos Manatee Monkeys Pygmy hippopotamus Pyrenean desman Saiga antelope Sugar glider Takin Tiger Wallabies and Kangaroos Wombat

Sturgeons Acipenseriformes Localisation Northern Atlantic, Northern America, Eurasia Threats Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources (for Humans and animals) Dams & water management/use Problematic native species/diseases Domestic & urban waste water Industrial & military effluents Agricultural & forestry effluents Recreational activities Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases Mining & quarrying Shipping lanes Housing & urban areas Commercial & industrial areas Marine & freshwater aquaculture Garbage & solid waste Excess energy Housing & urban areas Commercial & industrial areas Annual & perennial non-timber crops Livestock farming & ranching Logging & wood harvesting Renewable energy Droughts Human and veterinary medicine Manufacturing chemicals trade Wearing apparel and accessories Sport hunting and specimen collecting Population General : Decreasing I.U.C.N. : Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum ) : VU - Vulnerable Yangtze Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus ) : E.W. - Extinct in the Wild Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens ) : EN - Endangered Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris ) : EN - Endangered Sakhalin Sturgeon (Acipenser mikadoi ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Adriatic sturgon (Acipenser naccarii ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus ) : VU - Vulnerable Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : EN - Endangered Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Sevruga - Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : C .R. - Critically endangered European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio ) : C .R. - Critically endangered White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus ) : VU - Vulnerable Kaluga ( Huso dauricus ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Sturgeon Chub (Macrhybopsis gelida ) : L.C. - Least Concern Chinese paddlefish ( Psephurus gladius ) : EX - Extinct (2019) Small Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus ) : C .R. - Critically endangered Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus ) : VU - Vulnerable Alabama Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi ) : C .R. - Critically endangered C.I.T.E.S : Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) Yangtze Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Sakhalin Sturgeon (Acipenser mikadoi ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Adriatic sturgeon ( Acipenser naccarii ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio ) : Appendix I (29/07/1983) White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Kaluga ( Huso dauricus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Sturgeon Chub (Macrhybopsis gelida ) : Not Indexed Chinese paddlefish ( Psephurus gladius ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Small Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) Alabama Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi ) : Appendix II (01/04/1998) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum ) : Annex A (20/05/2023) Yangtze Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Sakhalin Sturgeon (Acipenser mikadoi ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Adriatic sturgeon ( Acipenser naccarii ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio ) : Annex A (20/05/2023) White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Kaluga ( Huso dauricus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Chinese paddlefish ( Psephurus gladius ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Sturgeon Chub (Macrhybopsis gelida ) : Not Indexed Small Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Alabama Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi ) : Annex B (20/05/2023) Trade International : CITES : cf. previously Bonn Convention (1979) : Protects migratory species, including the sturgeon, under Annexes I and II. Berne Convention (1979) : Ensures conservation of wildlife in Europe, listing the sturgeon under Annex II. OSPAR Convention (1992) : Focuses on the marine environment of the Northeast Atlantic, identifying sturgeon as a species in decline. Afghanistan : CITES (17/05/2013) All exports are suspended. Azerbaijan : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar, meat and products [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar, meat and products [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar, meat and products [Caspian sa] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar, meat and products [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 EU decision : Negative ; W - Wild (13/12/2010) Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar, meat and products [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar, meat and products [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : Negative ; W - Wild (03/12/2010) Bulgaria : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Canada : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Saint John River/Bay of Fundy] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 China (PRC) : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Kaluga ( Huso dauricus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Amur/Heilongjiang River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Amur/Heilongjiang River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) European Union : Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC, 1992) : Annex II: Requires the designation of special conservation zones for sturgeon. Annex IV: Mandates strict protection of species against disturbances and habitat damage. Six French sites, including the Garonne and Dordogne rivers, are Natura 2000 sites designated for sturgeon conservation. Council Regulation (EC) No. 338/97: Controls the trade of wildlife species, listing sturgeon under Annex A, prohibiting international trade except for scientific purposes. France : Article L436-9 of the Environmental Code (31/12/2006) The administrative authority responsible for freshwater fisheries may authorise the capture, transport or sale of fish at any time, for health, scientific and ecological purposes, in particular to enable them to be rescued, counted, reproduced, to promote restocking and to remedy biological imbalances: under national legislation, its transport and release only require a "fishing" permit under - Article L436-9 of the Environmental Code, instructed by the DDT in charge of freshwater fishing. Article L.432-1 of the Environmental Code Prohibits activities that threaten spawning grounds and aquatic species. Arrêté of December 20, 2004 Bans the fishing, selling, and habitat destruction of sturgeon nationwide. Arrêté of April 14, 1981 Targeted specific areas like the Gironde estuary. Article L.321-8 of the Environmental Code: Limits material extraction to prevent the destruction of critical aquatic habitats. Decree No. 2008-283 of March 25, 2008 Protects spawning and feeding areas for sturgeon and other aquatic species. Arrêté of September 22, 1994 Prohibits quarrying in riverbeds to maintain ecosystem integrity. Arrêté of April 1, 2008 Sets technical standards for freshwater aquaculture to prevent environmental harm. Local Orders for Habitat Protection: Prefectural Decree of November 7, 1985: Protects sturgeon spawning areas in the Lot-et-Garonne section of the Garonne River. Prefectural Decree of April 17, 1990 Safeguards spawning zones in the Gironde section of the Garonne. Additional decrees from 2013 to 2014 inventory key spawning and feeding zones for enforcement under Article L.432-3 of the Environmental Code. Given the conservation measures for sturgeon, exports of caviar from wild animals have been banned since 2011. Iran : Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : Negative ; W - Wild (03/12/2010) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/03/2016) Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : Discussed at SRG; W - C - Captive-bred animals (19/09/2023) Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 EU decision : Negative ; W - Wild (03/12/2010) Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : Negative ; W - Wild (03 /12 /2010) Kazakhstan : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/03/2016) Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 EU decision : Positive (15/05/2002) Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 EU decision : Negative ; W - Wild (14/09/2010) Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : Negative ; W - Wild (14 /09 /2010) Romania : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russia : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Kaluga ( Huso dauricus ) Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Amur/Heilongjiang River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/03/2016) Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 EU decision : Negative ; W - Wild (14 /09 /2010 ) Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Amur/Heilongjiang River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : Negative ; W - Wild (14 /09 /2010) Serbia : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Ship Sturgeon (Acipens er nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Turkmenistan : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Ship Sturgeon (Acipens er nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Caspian sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Ukraine : Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Ship Sturgeon (Acipens er nudiventris ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Russian/Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [North West Black Sea and Lower Danube River] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Azov sea] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 United States : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2014/036 (11/08/2014) The United States wishes to inform CITES Parties that the following species of sturgeon were listed as Endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act : Acipenser naccarii (Adriatic sturgeon) Acipenser sturio (European sturgeon) in western Europe Acipenser sinensis (Chinese sturgeon) in the Yangtze River basin Acipenser mikadoi (Sakhalin sturgeon) Huso dauricus (Kaluga sturgeon) in the Amur River Basin/Sea of Japan/Sea of Okhotsk region. The new listing makes it illegal to import into or export from the United States any of these sturgeon species, including live or dead specimens, parts or products. It also provides for various domestic prohibitions. Resolution of the Conference of the Parties Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus ) : Quota : 0 (2024) Caviar and meat [Saint John River/Bay of Fundy] - Quota year runs from 1st March 2024 through 28 February 2025 Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus ) : EU decision : Positive ; W - Wild (22 /06 /2011 ) Uzbekistan : Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni ) : UE decision : SRG Referral ; W - Wild (12/09/2013) Caviar : legal and illegal trade Caviar, a luxury product derived from the roe of sturgeons and paddlefish, is strictly regulated under international law to prevent illegal trade and protect endangered species. These regulations are enforced through the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) labelling system. CITES Labelling Requirements : Applicability: The labelling requirements apply exclusively to sturgeon and paddlefish caviar. "Caviar substitutes" or roe from non-CITES-listed fish are not regulated under CITES. Labelling System: Every container of caviar—whether from wild-caught or farmed sources—must have a non-reusable label. The label must either seal the container or be affixed in a way that shows evidence of tampering. Information on Labels: Labels must include detailed information to ensure traceability: Species Code: A three-letter identifier for the sturgeon species (e.g., BAE for Acipenser baerii). Source Code: Indicates whether the caviar is wild-caught or farmed. Country of Origin Code: ISO two-letter code for the country of origin. Year of Harvest/Repackaging: The year when the sturgeon was harvested or the caviar was repackaged. Processing/Repackaging Plant Code: A unique code for the plant, following national registration systems. Lot Number or CITES Export/Re-Export Certificate Number: Tracks the caviar batch and ensures compliance with trade permits. Licensing and Oversight: All caviar processors, exporters, and repackagers must be licensed by their national CITES management authority. Processing and repackaging plants must adhere to national and international standards. Legislative Protections in Practice : Consumer Role: Labels enable consumers to distinguish legal caviar from illegal products, helping combat wildlife trafficking. EU Compliance: Since May 2006, the European Union has made the CITES labelling system mandatory for both domestic and international caviar trade. Farmed Caviar Concerns: Aquaculture is a rapidly growing sector, especially in countries like Bulgaria and Romania. While farming can support local economies and conserve wild sturgeons, it may also be exploited to launder illegally sourced caviar. Impact on Illegal Trade : The standardized CITES labelling system is a critical tool for law enforcement to trace the origin of caviar, prevent the laundering of illegal products, and safeguard endangered sturgeon species. By requiring transparent labelling and licensing, the trade regulations aim to protect wild sturgeon populations while supporting sustainable aquaculture practices. This system serves as a model for combating illegal wildlife trade by ensuring that consumers and authorities can trace caviar back to its legitimate source. The Danube River is the last European stronghold for functional populations of sturgeon, including beluga, Russian, stellate, and sterlet sturgeons. However, illegal fishing and trade, coupled with habitat destruction, have pushed these species toward extinction. Despite strict regulations, illegal sturgeon trade thrives, endangering these ancient fish. Illegal Trade and Violations (Ludwig et al ., 2023) Wild-Caught Sturgeon Products: A market survey across Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine revealed 21% of sturgeon products (meat and caviar) came from wild-caught sturgeons, despite fishing bans in the Danube and Black Sea. DNA and isotope analysis confirmed these findings, with sterlet being the most common species detected. CITES and EU Labeling Violations: 29% of caviar samples violated international and EU wildlife trade regulations. Issues included: Missing or incorrect CITES labels. Mislabeled products, such as falsely claiming wild origin or misidentifying species. Poor compliance with packaging requirements, where labels did not properly seal containers. Some products declared as sturgeon were revealed to be substitutes, including European catfish and Nile perch. Consumer Deception: Products from aquaculture were falsely marketed as wild-caught, indicating high demand for wild sturgeon. A sample from Ukraine, declared as sterlet caviar, was synthetic, containing DNA from hybrid species commonly farmed in China. Conservation and Enforcement Issues Poaching Threatens Populations: Wild-caught sturgeon products highlight the severe impact of poaching, which undermines conservation efforts and threatens the survival of Danube sturgeons. The lack of spawning partners, caused by dams and habitat loss, increases hybridization, further endangering populations. Weak Enforcement: Insufficient controls and enforcement allow the illegal trade to flourish. Issues include limited resources, low political priority, inadequate laboratory technology, and corruption. Selective Fishing: While the study found no evidence of sex-selective fishing among analyzed meat samples, scientific monitoring in Romania indicated a concerning bias toward males, possibly signaling underreporting of female catches. References : pna-esturgeon-2020-2029-complet-high-quality-v101120.pdf Article L436-9 - Code de l'environnement - Légifrance Microsoft Word - E-Notif-2014-036.docx Publications Office 77_summary_srg.pdf DRAFT - SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 54TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA1 3 DECEMBER 2010 DRAFT - SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 53RD MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA1 14 SEPTEMBER 2010 CITES Microsoft Word - SRG 98 short SOC_v3 final rev 30.01.24 23rd summary Huso dauricus (Kaluga) Huso huso (Beluga) Acipenser persicus (Persian Sturgeon) Acipenser naccarii (Adriatic Sturgeon) Acipenser sturio (European Sturgeon) Acipenser oxyrinchus (Atlantic Sturgeon) Acipenser fulvescens (Lake Sturgeon) Acipenser medirostris (Green Sturgeon) Acipenser brevirostrum (Shortnose Sturgeon) Psephurus gladius (Chinese Paddlefish) Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni (Small Amu-Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon) Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni (Amu Darya Shovelnose Sturgeon) Acipenser baerii (Siberian Sturgeon) Acipenser nudiventris (Ship Sturgeon) Acipenser dabryanus (Yangtze Sturgeon) Acipenser sinensis (Chinese Sturgeon) Acipenser stellatus (Stellate Sturgeon) Scaphirhynchus suttkusi (Alabama Sturgeon) Scaphirhynchus albus (Pallid Sturgeon) Macrhybopsis gelida (Sturgeon Chub) Acipenser schrenckii (Amur Sturgeon) Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Shovelnose Sturgeon) Acipenser transmontanus (White Sturgeon) Acipenser ruthenus (Sterlet) Acipenser mikadoi (Sakhalin Sturgeon) Acipenser gueldenstaedtii (Russian Sturgeon) Huso dauricus : Species+ Huso huso : Species+ Acipenser persicus : Species+ Acipenser naccarii : Species+ Acipenser sturio : Species+ Acipenser oxyrinchus : Species+ Acipenser fulvescens : Species+ Acipenser medirostris : Species+ Acipenser brevirostrum : Species+ Psephurus gladius : Species+ Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni : Species+ Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni : Species+ Siberian strugeon : Species+ Acipenser nudiventris : Species+ Acipenser dabryanus : Species+ Acipenser sinensis : Species+ Acipenser stellatus : Species+ Scaphirhynchus suttkusi : Species+ Scaphirhynchus albus : Species+ Acipenser schrenckii : Species+ Scaphirhynchus platorynchus : Species+ Acipenser transmontanus : Species+ Acipenser ruthenus : Species+ Acipenser mikadoi : Species+ Acipenser gueldenstaedtii : Species+ 01_Sturgeons_ENG_05_HiRes Caviar: read the labels! | Ministry of the Economy, Finance and Industry and Ministry of Budget and Public Accounts universal_labelling_requirements_caviar.pdf Ludwig et al., 2023 - Poaching and illegal trade of Danube sturgeons: Current Biology

Articles species

Takin Budorcas taxicolor Localization Range: Eastern Himalayas — Bhutan, China, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim), Myanmar. Found from 1,000 to ~4,500 m elevation in forests and alpine meadows. Subspecies distributions : B. t. whitei (Bhutan takin): ~ 500–700 individuals in Bhutan B. t. taxicolor (Mishmi): India/Myanmar/China, 220–300 in India B. t. bedfordi (Golden takin): ~4,400–5,000 in Shaanxi, China B. t. tibetana (Tibetan/Sichuan): several thousand in Tibet/Sichuan Threats Hunting/braconnage for meat, horns or trophies Habitat loss: logging, agriculture, roads, infrastructure, pasture activities Human disturbance and tourism Livestock competition/disease, especially in Bhutan Climate change impacts: decline in snow, changes in plant communities Population Global: ~ 7,000–12,000 individuals, Decreasing China: B. t. taxicolor : ~ 3,500 individuals B. t. bedfordi : ~ 4,400–5,000 individuals India: ~ 220–300 individuals (Arunachal) Bhutan: B. t. whitei : ~ 500–700 individuals, primarily in Jigme Dorji NP Myanmar: Populations declining, precise numbers unknown . U.I.C.N. : V.U. - Vulnerable C.I.T.E.S : Appendix II (01/08/1985) E.U. listing : Annex B (20/05/2023) Trade International: The Parties shall not allow trade in specimens of species included in Appendices I, II and III except in accordance with the provisions of the present Convention.” — Art. II §4, CITES (3 March 1973) All four takin subspecies have been in Appendix II since 1985, so any import, export or re‑export requires CITES export and (where applicable) import permits issued by the Management Authorities of the States concerned (Articles IV & VI). Bhutan : Forest and Nature Conservation Act 2023, Royal Assent 24 July 2023 (in force), Takin statusSchedule I (highest protection) Section 91. Any wild fauna listed in Schedule I of this Act shall not be killed, injured … or destroyed except … for human safety or population management. Section 92. Any wild fauna listed in Schedule I … shall not be captured, collected, possessed, bred, raised or traded except for scientific research or population management as recommended by the Scientific Authority. Offences against §92 are fourth‑degree felonies (Ch. 10, Offences & Penalties). China (PRC) : Wildlife Protection Law - Articles 22 and 24, Original adoption8 November 1988 (entered into force 1 March 1989). Latest revision10 December 2022, effective 1 May 2023. Takin statusClass I protected species (2021 State List). Article 22. The sale and purchase of wildlife under special State protection or the products thereof shall be prohibited. … Where sale, purchase or utilisation of wildlife under first‑class State protection is necessary … approval must be obtained from the department of wildlife administration under the State Council. Article 24. The export of wildlife under special State protection … must be approved by the department of wildlife administration under the State Council … and an import‑ or export‑permit shall be obtained. France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. India: 26/03/2018 : The Government of India has banned the export for commercial purposes of all wild-taken specimens of species included in Appendices I, II and III, except cultivated varieties of plant species included in Appendices I and II. Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 (Act 53 of 1972, last amended 2022) : Takin status : Schedule I, Part I (since 2006 notification). Key trade clauses§9 (hunting ban); §49B (total ban on commercial dealings). Section 49B(1). … no person shall— (a) commence or carry on the business as— “(i) a manufacturer of, or dealer in, scheduled animal articles; … (iii) a dealer in trophy or uncured trophy derived from any scheduled animal; … (v) a dealer in meat derived from any scheduled animal. Violation of §§9 or 49B involving a Schedule I species is punishable by 3–7 years imprisonment and minimum INR 25 000 fine (§51). Myanmar : 21/11/2023 Conservation of Biodiversity and Protected Areas Law 2018 (Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 12/2018, 21 May 2018) Clause §23(b) : The Director‑General may endorse the import, export or re‑export of animals … regulated for international trade, subject to conditions. Clause §24 : A hunting licence shall not be granted for any completely‑protected wild animal. Takin is notified as “Completely Protected Wild Animal” in the subsidiary schedule; therefore any commercial trade or hunting is barred unless a specific scientific‑research waiver is issued under §23. United States : CITES‑implementing rule Instrument : 50 CFR §23.13 “What is prohibited” (72 FR 48448, 23 Aug 2007; amend. 79 FR 30420 / 27 May 2014). Key text : "(a) Import, export, re‑export, or engage in international trade with any specimen of a species listed in Appendix I, II, or III of CITES [is unlawful] unless [requirements met].” Violations are prosecutable under the Endangered Species Act 1973 and the Lacey Act (16 U.S.C. §3372(a)). Rules through the United States : Alabama: Restrictions on exotic animals like giant snails, bobcats, and venomous reptiles unless permitted before 2021. No release of non-native animals without a license. Alaska: Broad restrictions on wildlife, including wolf hybrids and chimpanzees. Some pets, like ferrets, are legal without a permit. Arizona: Extensive restrictions require permits for many species like primates, foxes, and Gila monsters. Permits are issued for specific purposes like education. Arkansas: Large carnivores and primates are restricted unless permitted before set years. Some venomous reptiles are allowed with permits, and up to six captive-bred animals like raccoons can be owned without a permit. California: Prohibits most wild animals, including bears and primates, but allows hybrids like Savannah cats. Colorado: Most exotic animals like primates and raccoons are banned, but hedgehogs and sugar gliders are allowed without permits. Connecticut: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and wolves. Limited ownership of primates allowed under specific conditions. Delaware: Requires permits for exotic animals; no comprehensive list of banned animals is provided. District of Columbia: Only common domestic pets like cats, dogs, and some birds are allowed. Exotic species are banned. Florida: Animals categorized into Classes I-III, with varying permit requirements. Non-dangerous animals like ferrets are exempt. Georgia: Strict permitting for wild animals like kangaroos and venomous snakes, while ferrets and sugar gliders are allowed under specific conditions. Hawaii: Most exotic animals, including hedgehogs and ferrets, are banned. A limited number of domesticated animals are permitted. Idaho: Prohibits animals harmful to agriculture, like wild boars and large cats. Llamas and guinea pigs are allowed without permits. Illinois: Restricts dangerous animals like large cats and wolves to organizations. Existing primates are allowed if registered. Indiana: Allows exotic animal ownership with permits for different classes, from squirrels to large predators. Iowa: Restricts dangerous wild animals unless permitted before 2007. Hybrids of domestic species are allowed. Kansas: Limits ownership of regulated animals like large cats, bears, and venomous snakes to approved facilities. Kentucky: Bans inherently dangerous animals like primates and bears. Some permits available for non-dangerous species. Louisiana: Requires permits for large snakes and prohibits endangered or dangerous species like bears and wolves. Maine: Broad restrictions on exotic pets like giraffes and kangaroos. Some exotic animals like coati are permitted. Maryland: Prohibits dangerous animals like primates and large cats unless registered before 2006. Massachusetts: Strict restrictions on endangered species and venomous reptiles. Ferrets allowed under specific conditions. Michigan: Restricts ownership of non-native species like large cats. Permits are available for captive-bred wildlife. Minnesota: Prohibits regulated animals like large cats unless registered before 2005. Mississippi: Requires liability insurance for permits to own inherently dangerous animals like elephants and primates. Missouri: Requires registration of dangerous reptiles and mammals with law enforcement. Montana: Requires annual permits for wild animals like large cats and bears. Many small exotics are legal without permits. Nebraska: Captive wildlife permits needed for most wild animals, excluding certain species like skunks and bears. Nevada: Relatively lenient, banning certain species like alligators but allowing primates and large cats. New Hampshire: Controlled species like armadillos and cougars require permits. New Jersey: Permits required for many species, including ferrets and primates. Some small animals are exempt. New Mexico: Regulates zoonotic disease carriers like skunks and raccoons; local laws may impose additional restrictions. New York: Prohibits most wild animals and hybrids; fines imposed for violations. North Carolina: Exotic pet laws vary by county or city; no statewide restrictions. North Dakota: Dangerous or hazardous animals like zebras and primates require licenses. Ohio: Strict laws after a 2011 incident, banning dangerous wild animals like tigers and bears without permits. Oklahoma: Permits required for venomous reptiles, while many exotic animals are exempt from regulation. Oregon: Prohibits wild cat species and large predators; permits available for service monkeys. Pennsylvania: Exotic wildlife permits required for animals like lions, wolves, and venomous snakes. Rhode Island: Only specific organizations can own wild carnivores like lions and tigers. South Carolina: Restricts large cats and apes unless registered by 2018. South Dakota: Permits required for most exotic animals, with specific rules for raccoon dogs. Tennessee: Classifies animals by risk level, requiring permits for certain classes. Texas: Requires a certificate of registration for dangerous wild animals like wild cats and primates. Utah: Controlled, noncontrolled, and prohibited animals require different levels of permitting. Vermont: Requires permits for exotic animals not on the unrestricted list. Virginia: Exotic animals like wild cats and crocodiles require permits. Washington: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and venomous snakes. West Virginia: Requires permits with strict conditions for keeping wild animals. Wisconsin: Requires licenses for wild animals, but some, like opossums and ground squirrels, are exempt. Wyoming: Requires permits for most wildlife unless specifically exempted. Highlights: Stringent Restrictions: Hawaii, California, and New York are among the strictest states. Lenient Laws: Indiana and Nevada allow more exotic animals with fewer restrictions. Common Prohibitions: Dangerous animals like large cats, bears, primates, and venomous reptiles are frequently restricted. Permits: Most states offer permits for special cases like education or scientific purposes. Did you find a takin in the field or online ? Bhutan Thimphu Bhutan Ecological Society Website : Bhutan Ecological Society – Bhutan Ecological Society Send your photos on our app KIBA : Or send us an email : ouranosproject2023@gmail.com KIBA app References : Scientific references : IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2008). Budorcas taxicolor. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/3160/9643719 Li, Z., & Jiang, Z. (2007). Dietary composition of takin in the Qinling Mountains, China. Mammalia, 71(3), 198–203. DOI: 10.1515/MAMM.2007.041 Schaller, G.B. (1998). Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppe. University of Chicago Press. Zhang, L., & Wang, N. (2003). An initial study on the population status of the golden takin. Zoological Research, 24(5), 348–352. WWF Bhutan (2021). Takin Conservation Action Plan – Jigme Dorji National Park. Internal report. Lovari, S. et al. (2020). Ecology, behavior, and conservation of Himalayan caprids. In: Mountain Ungulates: Ecology, Management, and Conservation (Springer). CITES – Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora – 3 March 1973, entered into force 1 July 1975 – Budorcas taxicolor listed in Appendix II since 1985 Text: https://cites.org/eng/disc/text.php Appendices: https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php Legislative refferences : Wildlife Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China – Adopted: 8 November 1988; revised 10 December 2022, effective 1 May 2023 – Relevant Articles: 22, 23, 24 Source (EN translation): http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/c23934/202301/1c4f48c727774198a2ee9a732f47bb8a.shtml Forest and Nature Conservation Act of Bhutan 2023 – Royal Assent: 24 July 2023 – Relevant Sections: 91–92, Schedule I Text: https://www.nationalcouncil.bt/assets/uploads/docs/acts/2023/FNCA_2023_Eng.pdf Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 – Act No. 53 of 1972 – Most recent amendment: 2022 – Relevant Sections: 9, 49B, 51; Schedule I Official text: https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1972-53.pdf Conservation of Biodiversity and Protected Areas Law (2018) – Law No. 12/2018 – Adopted: 21 May 2018 – Relevant Sections: 23, 24 (Unofficial English translation via Fauna & Flora International / ASEAN-WEN or local agencies) Code of Federal Regulations – 50 CFR §23.13 – Title: “What activities are prohibited” under the U.S. implementation of CITES – Legal basis: Endangered Species Act (ESA) and Lacey Act CFR access: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-50/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-23 Let me know if you want the original PDFs of these laws or a comparative legal table in Excel or markdown format.

Dugong Dugong dugon Localisation Indian and Pacific Ocean coasts Red Sea Arabian Sea Threats Urbanization Navigation Fishing Recreation Industrial, military, agricultural and forestry pollution Storms and floods Human and Veterinary Medicine Handicraft Human food Population Decreasing U.I.C.N. : Global : V.U. - Vulnerable East African subpopulation : C.R. - Critically Endangered Nansei subpopulation : C.R. - Critically Endangered New Caledonia subpopulation : E.N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S : Appendix I (19/07/2000) African Convention of Nature and Natural Resources : Class A (16/06/1969) Trade International : MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ON THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF DUGONGS (Dugong dugon) AND THEIR HABITATS THROUGHOUT THEIR RANGE (Abu Dhabi, 31/10/2007) : Noting that dugongs have a priority for conservation action through their listing in the respective appendices of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). African Union : AFRICAN CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (Date of Adoption: 15/09/1968, Date of last signature: 24/01/2013, Date entry into force: 16/06/1969) Dugong dugon - Dugong : Class A Australia : In some regions of Australia, hunting is still permitted, according to quotas that are not always sustainable. Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 Current as at 1 September 2024 Dugongs and Marine Turtles: Selling or distributing these animals or their derivatives in commercial food premises is prohibited. France : The species has been protected in Mayotte since 1995 and several actions have been carried out to ensure compliance with these regulations (§1.13.2). In addition, with the decrease in the number of dugongs, it seems that its exploitation is no longer anchored in local traditions. However, dugong meat is still considered a delicacy and is sold at the price of the noblest fish (about 5€/kg). The high price of this meat and the mass of an animal (150 to 300 kg) mean that animals caught accidentally are systematically kept to consume and/or sell the meat illegally. Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. Japan : Dugongs are considered as living monuments in Japan. Okinawa dugongs (Nansei subpopulation) habitat is threatened by American bases, causing debates and controversies. National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), Section 402 The NHPA mandates that U.S. federal agencies must avoid or mitigate harm to places or things of cultural significance to other countries. The Okinawa dugong, listed as a cultural monument under Japan’s Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, is one such entity. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), in its handling of the Futenma Replacement Facility (FRF) project, failed to directly assess the environmental and cultural impacts of the project on the dugong population. Instead, it deferred to the Japanese government's evaluation. The court ruled that the NHPA requires the head of the responsible federal agency—in this case, the DOD—to independently consider and mitigate these effects. This failure to comply led to the court’s finding that the DOD violated Section 402 of the NHPA, compelling corrective actions to address the environmental and cultural harms of the project. Japan’s Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties Under Japan’s legal framework, the dugong is recognized as a cultural monument of national significance. This designation emphasizes its dual importance as both an endangered marine species and a cultural icon for the Okinawan people. The construction of the U.S. airbase in Henoko Bay poses a direct threat to the seagrass habitat essential for the survival of the dugong, exacerbating its critically endangered status. Despite Japan’s legal protections, the ongoing military base expansion raises concerns about the balance between cultural preservation and national security. Endangered Species Protections The dugong is listed as critically endangered by Japan’s Ministry of the Environment and is also included on the U.S. Endangered Species List. Conservation efforts are imperative given that fewer than 50 dugongs were estimated to remain in 1997, and recent surveys suggest only three individuals currently inhabit Okinawa. The destruction of the seagrass habitat in Henoko Bay due to airbase construction directly threatens this population, making compliance with environmental laws and international conservation commitments vital for the species' survival. Mozambique, Vietnam and other countries : Poaching persists in some countries at an unsustainable frequency, such as Mozambique or Vietnam. Article : "The Legal and Conservation Battle for the Okinawa Dugong" Did you find a dugong in Okinawa ? Japan Okinawa Team ZAN Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/teamzanokinawa For more information : Team ZAN hosting website Send your photos on our app KIBA : Or send us an email : ouranosproject2023@gmail.com KIBA app References : CONSERVATION OF NATURE.doc PNA_Dugong-Mayotte_2012-2016.pdf (biodiversite.gouv.fr) Dugong dugon (Dugong) (iucnredlist.org) Dugong dugon Eastern Africa subpopulation (Dugong) (iucnredlist.org) Dugong dugon Nansei subpopulation (Dugong) (iucnredlist.org) Dugong Dugong dugon Nansei subpopulation has most recently been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2019. Dugong dugon Nansei subpopulation is listed as Critically Endangered under criteria C1; D. MOU Text | Dugong Legal Appeal Challenges U.S. Military Base Construction in Japan, Threat to Rare Okinawa Dugongs | Turtle Island Restoration Network Fighting to Protect the Dugongs of Japan's Henoko Bay | Saving Earth | Encyclopedia Britannica Okinawa Dugong v. Gates_Case Summary.docx (Protecting the Endangered Dugong From a Proposed Military Airbase - Earthjustice Okinawa Dugong v. Gates, 543 F. Supp. 2d 1082 | Casetext Search + Citator Protecting the Dugong: Regulating U.S. Military Bases in Japan | Columbia | Journal of International Affairs U.S. COURT RULES IN THE “OKINAWA DUGONG” CASE Implications for U.S. Military Bases Overseas Department of Defense Must Comply with National Historic Preservation Act Nature Conservation Act 1992 Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Galago (bush baby) Galagidae Localization Africa Threats Population U.I.C.N. : C.I.T.E.S: Trade Canada, United States: France: Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. India: Indonesia: Laos : Malaysia: Philippines : Vietnam : References : Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance