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Takin Budorcas taxicolor Localization Range: Eastern Himalayas — Bhutan, China, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim), Myanmar. Found from 1,000 to ~4,500 m elevation in forests and alpine meadows. Subspecies distributions : B. t. whitei (Bhutan takin): ~ 500–700 individuals in Bhutan B. t. taxicolor (Mishmi): India/Myanmar/China, 220–300 in India B. t. bedfordi (Golden takin): ~4,400–5,000 in Shaanxi, China B. t. tibetana (Tibetan/Sichuan): several thousand in Tibet/Sichuan Threats Hunting/braconnage for meat, horns or trophies Habitat loss: logging, agriculture, roads, infrastructure, pasture activities Human disturbance and tourism Livestock competition/disease, especially in Bhutan Climate change impacts: decline in snow, changes in plant communities Population Global: ~ 7,000–12,000 individuals, Decreasing China: B. t. taxicolor : ~ 3,500 individuals B. t. bedfordi : ~ 4,400–5,000 individuals India: ~ 220–300 individuals (Arunachal) Bhutan: B. t. whitei : ~ 500–700 individuals, primarily in Jigme Dorji NP Myanmar: Populations declining, precise numbers unknown . U.I.C.N. : V.U. - Vulnerable C.I.T.E.S : Appendix II (01/08/1985) E.U. listing : Annex B (20/05/2023) Trade International: The Parties shall not allow trade in specimens of species included in Appendices I, II and III except in accordance with the provisions of the present Convention.” — Art. II §4, CITES (3 March 1973) All four takin subspecies have been in Appendix II since 1985, so any import, export or re‑export requires CITES export and (where applicable) import permits issued by the Management Authorities of the States concerned (Articles IV & VI). Bhutan : Forest and Nature Conservation Act 2023, Royal Assent 24 July 2023 (in force), Takin statusSchedule I (highest protection) Section 91. Any wild fauna listed in Schedule I of this Act shall not be killed, injured … or destroyed except … for human safety or population management. Section 92. Any wild fauna listed in Schedule I … shall not be captured, collected, possessed, bred, raised or traded except for scientific research or population management as recommended by the Scientific Authority. Offences against §92 are fourth‑degree felonies (Ch. 10, Offences & Penalties). China (PRC) : Wildlife Protection Law - Articles 22 and 24, Original adoption8 November 1988 (entered into force 1 March 1989). Latest revision10 December 2022, effective 1 May 2023. Takin statusClass I protected species (2021 State List). Article 22. The sale and purchase of wildlife under special State protection or the products thereof shall be prohibited. … Where sale, purchase or utilisation of wildlife under first‑class State protection is necessary … approval must be obtained from the department of wildlife administration under the State Council. Article 24. The export of wildlife under special State protection … must be approved by the department of wildlife administration under the State Council … and an import‑ or export‑permit shall be obtained. France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. India: 26/03/2018 : The Government of India has banned the export for commercial purposes of all wild-taken specimens of species included in Appendices I, II and III, except cultivated varieties of plant species included in Appendices I and II. Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 (Act 53 of 1972, last amended 2022) : Takin status : Schedule I, Part I (since 2006 notification). Key trade clauses§9 (hunting ban); §49B (total ban on commercial dealings). Section 49B(1). … no person shall— (a) commence or carry on the business as— “(i) a manufacturer of, or dealer in, scheduled animal articles; … (iii) a dealer in trophy or uncured trophy derived from any scheduled animal; … (v) a dealer in meat derived from any scheduled animal. Violation of §§9 or 49B involving a Schedule I species is punishable by 3–7 years imprisonment and minimum INR 25 000 fine (§51). Myanmar : 21/11/2023 Conservation of Biodiversity and Protected Areas Law 2018 (Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 12/2018, 21 May 2018) Clause §23(b) : The Director‑General may endorse the import, export or re‑export of animals … regulated for international trade, subject to conditions. Clause §24 : A hunting licence shall not be granted for any completely‑protected wild animal. Takin is notified as “Completely Protected Wild Animal” in the subsidiary schedule; therefore any commercial trade or hunting is barred unless a specific scientific‑research waiver is issued under §23. United States : CITES‑implementing rule Instrument : 50 CFR §23.13 “What is prohibited” (72 FR 48448, 23 Aug 2007; amend. 79 FR 30420 / 27 May 2014). Key text : "(a) Import, export, re‑export, or engage in international trade with any specimen of a species listed in Appendix I, II, or III of CITES [is unlawful] unless [requirements met].” Violations are prosecutable under the Endangered Species Act 1973 and the Lacey Act (16 U.S.C. §3372(a)). Rules through the United States : Alabama: Restrictions on exotic animals like giant snails, bobcats, and venomous reptiles unless permitted before 2021. No release of non-native animals without a license. Alaska: Broad restrictions on wildlife, including wolf hybrids and chimpanzees. Some pets, like ferrets, are legal without a permit. Arizona: Extensive restrictions require permits for many species like primates, foxes, and Gila monsters. Permits are issued for specific purposes like education. Arkansas: Large carnivores and primates are restricted unless permitted before set years. Some venomous reptiles are allowed with permits, and up to six captive-bred animals like raccoons can be owned without a permit. California: Prohibits most wild animals, including bears and primates, but allows hybrids like Savannah cats. Colorado: Most exotic animals like primates and raccoons are banned, but hedgehogs and sugar gliders are allowed without permits. Connecticut: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and wolves. Limited ownership of primates allowed under specific conditions. Delaware: Requires permits for exotic animals; no comprehensive list of banned animals is provided. District of Columbia: Only common domestic pets like cats, dogs, and some birds are allowed. Exotic species are banned. Florida: Animals categorized into Classes I-III, with varying permit requirements. Non-dangerous animals like ferrets are exempt. Georgia: Strict permitting for wild animals like kangaroos and venomous snakes, while ferrets and sugar gliders are allowed under specific conditions. Hawaii: Most exotic animals, including hedgehogs and ferrets, are banned. A limited number of domesticated animals are permitted. Idaho: Prohibits animals harmful to agriculture, like wild boars and large cats. Llamas and guinea pigs are allowed without permits. Illinois: Restricts dangerous animals like large cats and wolves to organizations. Existing primates are allowed if registered. Indiana: Allows exotic animal ownership with permits for different classes, from squirrels to large predators. Iowa: Restricts dangerous wild animals unless permitted before 2007. Hybrids of domestic species are allowed. Kansas: Limits ownership of regulated animals like large cats, bears, and venomous snakes to approved facilities. Kentucky: Bans inherently dangerous animals like primates and bears. Some permits available for non-dangerous species. Louisiana: Requires permits for large snakes and prohibits endangered or dangerous species like bears and wolves. Maine: Broad restrictions on exotic pets like giraffes and kangaroos. Some exotic animals like coati are permitted. Maryland: Prohibits dangerous animals like primates and large cats unless registered before 2006. Massachusetts: Strict restrictions on endangered species and venomous reptiles. Ferrets allowed under specific conditions. Michigan: Restricts ownership of non-native species like large cats. Permits are available for captive-bred wildlife. Minnesota: Prohibits regulated animals like large cats unless registered before 2005. Mississippi: Requires liability insurance for permits to own inherently dangerous animals like elephants and primates. Missouri: Requires registration of dangerous reptiles and mammals with law enforcement. Montana: Requires annual permits for wild animals like large cats and bears. Many small exotics are legal without permits. Nebraska: Captive wildlife permits needed for most wild animals, excluding certain species like skunks and bears. Nevada: Relatively lenient, banning certain species like alligators but allowing primates and large cats. New Hampshire: Controlled species like armadillos and cougars require permits. New Jersey: Permits required for many species, including ferrets and primates. Some small animals are exempt. New Mexico: Regulates zoonotic disease carriers like skunks and raccoons; local laws may impose additional restrictions. New York: Prohibits most wild animals and hybrids; fines imposed for violations. North Carolina: Exotic pet laws vary by county or city; no statewide restrictions. North Dakota: Dangerous or hazardous animals like zebras and primates require licenses. Ohio: Strict laws after a 2011 incident, banning dangerous wild animals like tigers and bears without permits. Oklahoma: Permits required for venomous reptiles, while many exotic animals are exempt from regulation. Oregon: Prohibits wild cat species and large predators; permits available for service monkeys. Pennsylvania: Exotic wildlife permits required for animals like lions, wolves, and venomous snakes. Rhode Island: Only specific organizations can own wild carnivores like lions and tigers. South Carolina: Restricts large cats and apes unless registered by 2018. South Dakota: Permits required for most exotic animals, with specific rules for raccoon dogs. Tennessee: Classifies animals by risk level, requiring permits for certain classes. Texas: Requires a certificate of registration for dangerous wild animals like wild cats and primates. Utah: Controlled, noncontrolled, and prohibited animals require different levels of permitting. Vermont: Requires permits for exotic animals not on the unrestricted list. Virginia: Exotic animals like wild cats and crocodiles require permits. Washington: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and venomous snakes. West Virginia: Requires permits with strict conditions for keeping wild animals. Wisconsin: Requires licenses for wild animals, but some, like opossums and ground squirrels, are exempt. Wyoming: Requires permits for most wildlife unless specifically exempted. Highlights: Stringent Restrictions: Hawaii, California, and New York are among the strictest states. Lenient Laws: Indiana and Nevada allow more exotic animals with fewer restrictions. Common Prohibitions: Dangerous animals like large cats, bears, primates, and venomous reptiles are frequently restricted. Permits: Most states offer permits for special cases like education or scientific purposes. Did you find a takin in the field or online ? Bhutan Thimphu Bhutan Ecological Society Website : Bhutan Ecological Society – Bhutan Ecological Society Send your photos on our app KIBA : Or send us an email : ouranosproject2023@gmail.com KIBA app References : Scientific references : IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2008). Budorcas taxicolor. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/3160/9643719 Li, Z., & Jiang, Z. (2007). Dietary composition of takin in the Qinling Mountains, China. Mammalia, 71(3), 198–203. DOI: 10.1515/MAMM.2007.041 Schaller, G.B. (1998). Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppe. University of Chicago Press. Zhang, L., & Wang, N. (2003). An initial study on the population status of the golden takin. Zoological Research, 24(5), 348–352. WWF Bhutan (2021). Takin Conservation Action Plan – Jigme Dorji National Park. Internal report. Lovari, S. et al. (2020). Ecology, behavior, and conservation of Himalayan caprids. In: Mountain Ungulates: Ecology, Management, and Conservation (Springer). CITES – Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora – 3 March 1973, entered into force 1 July 1975 – Budorcas taxicolor listed in Appendix II since 1985 Text: https://cites.org/eng/disc/text.php Appendices: https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php Legislative refferences : Wildlife Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China – Adopted: 8 November 1988; revised 10 December 2022, effective 1 May 2023 – Relevant Articles: 22, 23, 24 Source (EN translation): http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/c23934/202301/1c4f48c727774198a2ee9a732f47bb8a.shtml Forest and Nature Conservation Act of Bhutan 2023 – Royal Assent: 24 July 2023 – Relevant Sections: 91–92, Schedule I Text: https://www.nationalcouncil.bt/assets/uploads/docs/acts/2023/FNCA_2023_Eng.pdf Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 – Act No. 53 of 1972 – Most recent amendment: 2022 – Relevant Sections: 9, 49B, 51; Schedule I Official text: https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1972-53.pdf Conservation of Biodiversity and Protected Areas Law (2018) – Law No. 12/2018 – Adopted: 21 May 2018 – Relevant Sections: 23, 24 (Unofficial English translation via Fauna & Flora International / ASEAN-WEN or local agencies) Code of Federal Regulations – 50 CFR §23.13 – Title: “What activities are prohibited” under the U.S. implementation of CITES – Legal basis: Endangered Species Act (ESA) and Lacey Act CFR access: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-50/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-23 Let me know if you want the original PDFs of these laws or a comparative legal table in Excel or markdown format.

Monkeys Platyrrhini I.U.C.N. : L.C. : Low Concern N.T. : Not Threatened VU : Vulnerable EN : Endangered CR : Critically Endangered EW : Extinct in the Wild EX : Extinct DD : Data Deficient C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I : strictly forbidden trade (or allowed by special agreements) Appendix II : restricted trade Appendix III : allowed trade not indexed : no C.I.T.E.S. status Spider-monkeys U.I.C.N. : Red-faced Black Spider Monkey (Ateles paniscus ) : VU - Vulnerable White-bellied Spider Monkey (Ateles belzebuth ) : E.N. - Endangered Black Spider Monkey (Ateles chamek ) : E.N. - Endangered Brown-headed Spider Monkey (Ateles fusciceps ) : E.N. - Endangered Variegated Spider Monkey (Ateles hybridus ) : C.R. - Critically Endangered Central American Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi ) : E.N. - Endangered White-whiskered Spider Monkey (Ateles marginatus ) : E.N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S. : Red-faced Black Spider Monkey (Ateles paniscus ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) White-bellied Spider Monkey (Ateles belzebuth ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Black Spider Monkey (Ateles chamek ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Brown-headed Spider Monkey (Ateles fusciceps ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Variegated Spider Monkey (Ateles hybridus ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Central American Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) White-whiskered Spider Monkey (Ateles marginatus ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Red-faced Black Spider Monkey (Ateles paniscus ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) White-bellied Spider Monkey (Ateles belzebuth ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Black Spider Monkey (Ateles chamek ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Brown-headed Spider Monkey (Ateles fusciceps ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Variegated Spider Monkey (Ateles hybridus ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Central American Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Ateles geoffroyi ornatus : Appendix A (20/05/2023) Ateles geoffroyi frontatus : Appendix A (20/05/2023) White-whiskered Spider Monkey (Ateles marginatus ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Lion Tamarins U.I.C.N. : Leontopithecus Black-faced Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus caissara ) : E.N. - Endangered Golden-headed Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas ) : E.N. - Endangered Black Lion Tamarin ( Leontopithecus chrysopygus ) : E.N. - Endangered Golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia ) : E.N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S. : Leontopithecus Black-faced Lion Tamarin ( Leontopithecus caissara ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) Golden-headed Lion Tamarin ( Leontopithecus chrysomelas ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) Black Lion Tamarin ( Leontopithecus chrysopygus ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) Golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Leontopithecus Leontopithecus sp. : Appendix A for the entire genus Leontopithecus (20/05/2023) Tamarins and related 1/2 U.I.C.N. : Oedipomidas Geoffroy’s Tamarin (Oedipomidas geoffroyi / formerly : Saguinus geoffroyi ) : N .T. - Near Threatened Silvery-brown Tamarin (Oedipomidas leucopus / formerly : Saguinus leucopus ) : VU - Vulnerable Cotton-headed Tamarin (Oedipomidas oedipus / formerly : Saguinus oedipus ) : C .R. - Critically Endangered Saguinus Pied Tamarin (Saguinus bicolor ) : C .R. - Critically Endangered Martin's Ochraceous Bare-face Tamarin (Saguinus martinsi ) : N .T. - Near Threatened Golden-handed Tamarin (Saguinus midas ) : L .C. - Least Concern Moustached Tamarin (Saguinus mystax ) : L .C. - Least Concern Black-handed Tamarin (Saguinus niger ) : VU - Vulnerable Saguinus ursulus : VU - Vulnerable Tamarinus Black-chinned Emperor Tamarin (Tamarinus imperator / formerly : Saguinus imperator imperator ) : L .C. - Least Concern Mottled-face Tamarin (Tamarinus inustus / formerly : Saguinus inustus ) : L .C. - Least Concern Red-chested Mustached Tamarin (Tamarinus labiatus / formerly : Saguinus labiatus ) : L .C. - Least Concern Bearded Emperor Tamarin (Tamarinus subgrisescens / formerly : Saguinus imperator subgrisescens ) : L .C. - Least Concern C.I.T.E.S. : Saguinus Pied Tamarin (Saguinus bicolor ) : Appendix I (04/02/1977) Martin's Ochraceous Bare-face Tamarin (Saguinus martinsi ) : Appendix I (04/02/1977) Golden-handed Tamarin ( Saguinus midas ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Moustached Tamarin ( Saguinus mystax ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Black-handed Tamarin ( Saguinus niger ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Saguinus ursulus : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Tamarinus : not indexed EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Saguinus Pied Tamarin ( Saguinus bicolor ) : Appendix A (20 /05 /2023 ) Martin's Ochraceous Bare-face Tamarin (Saguinus martinsi ) : Appendix A (20 /05 /2023 ) Golden-handed Tamarin ( Saguinus midas ) : Appendix B (20 /05 /2023 ) Moustached Tamarin ( Saguinus mystax ) : Appendix B (20 /05 /2023 ) Black-handed Tamarin ( Saguinus niger ) : Appendix B (20 /05 /2023 ) Saguinus ursulus : Appendix B (20 /05 /2023 ) Tamarins and related 2/2 U.I.C.N. : Callimico Goeldi’s Monkey (Callimico goeldii ) : VU - Vulnerable Leontocebus Cruz Lima’s Saddle-back Tamarin (Leontocebus cruzlimai ) : L .C. - Least Concern Saddleback Tamarin ( Leontocebus fuscicollis ) : L .C. - Least Concern Lesson’s Saddle-back Tamarin (Leontocebus fuscus ) : L .C. - Least Concern Illiger’s Saddle-back Tamarin (Leontocebus illigeri ) : N .T. - Near Threatened Red-mantle Saddle-back Tamarin (Leontocebus lagonotus ) : L.C. - Least Concern Andean Saddle-back Tamarin (Leontocebus leucogenys ) : L .C. - Least Concern Black Mantle Tamarin (Leontocebus nigricollis ) : L .C. - Least Concern Geoffroy’s Saddle-back Tamarin (Leontocebus nigrifrons ) : L .C. - Least Concern Golden-mantle Saddleback Tamarin (Leontocebus tripartitus ) : N .T. - Near Threatened Weddell’s Saddle-back Tamarin (Leontocebus weddelli ) : L .C. - Least Concern C.I.T.E.S. : Callimico Goeldi’s Monkey (Callimico goeldii ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) Leontocebus Cruz Lima’s Saddle-back Tamarin (Leontocebus cruzlimai ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Red-mantle Saddle-back Tamarin ( Leontocebus fuscicollis ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Callimico Goeldi’s Monkey (Callimico goeldii ) : Appendix A (20 /05 /2023 ) Leontocebus Cruz Lima’s Saddle-back Tamarin (Leontocebus cruzlimai ) : Appendix B (20 /05 /2023 ) Red-mantle Saddle-back Tamarin ( Leontocebus fuscicollis ) : Appendix B (20 /05 /2023 ) Marmosets U.I.C.N. : Callithrix, Calibella and Mico Buffy-tufted-ear Marmoset (Callithrix aurita ) : EN - Endangered Buffy-headed Marmoset ( Callithrix flaviceps ) : C.R. - Critically Endangered Geoffroy’s Tufted-ear Marmoset (Callithrix geoffroyi ) : L .C. - Least Concern Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus ) : L.C. - Least Concern Wied's Marmoset (Callithrix kuhlii ) : VU - Vulnerable Black-pencilled Marmoset (Callithrix penicillata ) : L .C. - Least Concern Silvery Marmoset (Callithrix argentata / Mico argentatus ) : L .C. - Least Concern Golden-white Tassel-ear Marmoset ( Mico chrysoleucos ) : L .C. - Least Concern Bla ck-crowned / Roosmalens' dwarf Marmoset ( Callibella /Mico humilis ) : L .C. - Least Concern Aripuanã Marmoset (Callithrix intermedia / Mico intermedius ) : L .C. - Least Concern Golden-white Bare-ear Marmoset (Callithrix / Mico leucippe ) : L .C. - Least Concern Black-tailed Marmoset ( Mico melanurus ) : N.T. - Near Threatened Black-headed Marmoset ( Callithrix / Mico nigriceps ) : N .T. - Near Threatened Sateré Marmoset ( Callithrix / Mico saterei ) : L.C. - Least Concern Cebuella Eastern Pygmy Marmoset (Cebuella niveiventris ) : VU - Vulnerable Northern Pygmy Marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea ) : VU - Vulnerable C.I.T.E.S. : Callithrix, Calibella and Mico Buffy-tufted-ear Marmoset ( Callithrix aurita ) : Appendix I (04/02/1977) Buffy-headed Marmoset ( Callithrix flaviceps ) : Appendix I (04/02/1977) Geoffroy’s Tufted-ear Marmoset ( Callithrix geoffroyi ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Common Marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) : Appendix I (04/02/1977) Wied's Marmoset ( Callithrix kuhlii ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Black-pencilled Marmoset ( Callithrix penicillata ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Silvery Marmoset (Callithrix argentata / Mico argentatus ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Golden-white Tassel-ear Marmoset ( Mico chrysoleucos ) : Not indexed Bla ck-crowned / Roosmalens' Dwarf Marmoset (Callibella /Mico humilis ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Aripuanã Marmoset (Callithrix intermedia / Mico intermedius ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Golden-white Bare-ear Marmoset (Callithrix / Mico leucippe ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Black-tailed Marmoset ( Mico melanurus ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Black-headed Marmoset ( Callithrix / Mico nigriceps ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Sateré Marmoset ( Callithrix / Mico saterei ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Cebuella Eastern Pygmy Marmoset ( Cebuella niveiventris ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Northern Pygmy Marmoset ( Cebuella pygmaea ) : Appendix II (28/06/1979) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Callithrix, Calibella and Mico Buffy-tufted-ear Marmoset ( Callithrix aurita ) : Appendix A (20/05/2023) Buffy-headed Marmoset ( Callithrix flaviceps ) : Appendix A (20/05/2023) Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Wied's Marmoset ( Callithrix kuhlii ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Black-pencilled Marmoset ( Callithrix penicillata ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Silvery Marmoset (Callithrix argentata / Mico argentatus ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Golden-white Tassel-ear Marmoset ( Mico chrysoleucos ) : Not indexed Bla ck-crowned / Roosmalens' Dwarf Marmoset (Callibella /Mico humilis ) :: Appendix B (20/05/2023) Aripuanã Marmoset (Callithrix intermedia / Mico intermedius ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Golden-white Bare-ear Marmoset (Callithrix / Mico leucippe ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Black-tailed Marmoset ( Mico melanurus ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Black-headed Marmoset ( Callithrix / Mico nigriceps ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Sateré Marmoset ( Callithrix / Mico saterei ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Cebuella Eastern Pygmy Marmoset ( Cebuella niveiventris ) : not indexed Northern Pygmy Marmoset ( Cebuella pygmaea ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Titi monkeys U.I.C.N. : Callicebus Black-fronted Titi Monkey (Callicebus nigrifrons ) : N.T. - Near Threatened Plecturocebus Chestnut-bellied Titi (Plecturocebus caligatus ) : L.C. - Least Concern Ashy Black Titi Monkey (Plecturocebus cinerascens ) : L .C. - Least Concern Coppery Titi Monkey (Plecturocebus cupreus ) : L .C. - Least Concern C.I.T.E.S. : Callicebus Black-fronted Titi Monkey (Callicebus nigrifrons ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Plecturocebus Chestnut-bellied Titi ( Plecturocebus caligatus ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Ashy Black Titi Monkey ( Plecturocebus cinerascens ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Coppery Titi Monkey ( Plecturocebus cupreus ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Callicebus Black-fronted Titi Monkey (Callicebus nigrifrons ) : Appendix A (20/05/2023) Plecturocebus Chestnut-bellied Titi ( Plecturocebus caligatus ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Ashy Black Titi Monkey ( Plecturocebus cinerascens ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Coppery Titi Monkey ( Plecturocebus cupreus ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Wooley monkeys U.I.C.N. : Peruvian Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix / Oreonax flavicauda ) : C.R. - Critically Endangered Common Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha ) : VU - Vulnerable C.I.T.E.S. : Peruvian Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey ( Lagothrix / Oreonax flavicauda ) : Appendix I (29/07/1983) Common Woolly Monkey ( Lagothrix lagothricha ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Peruvian Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey ( Lagothrix / Oreonax flavicauda ) : Appendix A (20/05/2023) Common Woolly Monkey ( Lagothrix lagothricha ) : Appendix B (20/05/2023) Squirrel monkeys U.I.C.N. : Bolivian Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri boliviensis ) : L .C. - Least Concern Humboldt’s Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri cassiquiarensis ) : L .C. - Least Concern Collins' Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri collinsi ) : L .C. - Least Concern Guianan Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus ) : L .C. - Least Concern Black-crowned Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii ) : EN -Endangered Golden-backed Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri ustus ) : N .T. - Near Threatened Black Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri vanzolinii ) : EN -Endangered C.I.T.E.S. : Bolivian Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri boliviensis ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Collins' Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri collinsi ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Guianan Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri sciureus ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Black-crowned Central American Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri oerstedii ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) Golden-backed Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri ustus ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) Black Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri vanzolinii ) : Appendix II (04/02/1977) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Bolivian Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri boliviensis ) : Appendix B (20 /05 /2023 ) Collins' Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri collinsi ) : Appendix B (20 /05 /2023 ) Guianan Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri sciureus ) : Appendix B (20 /05 /2023 ) Black-crowned Central American Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri oerstedii ) : Appendix A (20 /05/2023 ) Golden-backed Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri ustus ) : Appendix B (20 /05 /2023 ) Black Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri vanzolinii ) : Appendix B (20 /05 /2023 ) Localization Americas Threats Urbanization Extension of roads and railways Crops, Agriculture, Livestock Plantation for wood and pulp, deforestation Coal mining Fires and fire suppression Poaching Population Red-faced Black Spider Monkey ( Ateles paniscus ) : Decreasing White-bellied Spider Monkey ( Ateles belzebuth ) : Decreasing Golden lion tamarin ( Leontopithecus rosalia ) : 1400, very fragmented, decreasing population Trade Golden lion tamarin ( Leontopithecus rosalia ) : Trade prohibited Belize : Central American Spider Monkey ( Ateles geoffroyi ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Bolivia : Black Spider Monkey ( Ateles chamek ) : 92ND MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (03/12/2020) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020) Brazil : Red-faced Black Spider Monkey ( Ateles paniscus ) : Official Journal of the European Union - COMMISSION REGULATION 2023/966 (15-05/2023) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020) White-bellied Spider Monkey ( Ateles belzebuth ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Black Spider Monkey ( Ateles chamek ) 92ND MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (03/12/2020) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020) Common Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha ) 92ND MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (03/12/2020) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020) Colombia : White-bellied Spider Monkey ( Ateles belzebuth ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Central American Spider Monkey ( Ateles geoffroyi ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Variegated Spider Monkey ( Ateles hybridus ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Brown-headed Spider Monkey ( Ateles fusciceps ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020) Common Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha ) SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016) Costa Rica : Central American Spider Monkey ( Ateles geoffroyi ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Ecuador : White-bellied Spider Monkey ( Ateles belzebuth ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Brown-headed Spider Monkey ( Ateles fusciceps ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020) Common Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha ) SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016) El Salvador : Central American Spider Monkey ( Ateles geoffroyi ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. Guatemala : Central American Spider Monkey ( Ateles geoffroyi ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Guyana : Red-faced Black Spider Monkey ( Ateles paniscus ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020) Golden-handed Tamarin (Saguinus midas ) : Quota : 150 (2014) Guianan Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus ) Quota : 2200 (2024) Honduras : Central American Spider Monkey ( Ateles geoffroyi ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Mexico : Central American Spider Monkey ( Ateles geoffroyi ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Panama : Central American Spider Monkey ( Ateles geoffroyi ) : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2023/057 (05/05/2023) This measure to suspend the issuance of export permits has been extended to all wildlife specimens harvested from the wild (W) for commercial purposes (T), given that Panama is in the process of making non-detriment findings. In this regard, Panama urges all Parties to verify the validity or legality of permits by contacting the CITES Management Authorities of Panama, whose email addresses are listed on the CITES website. SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Brown-headed Spider Monkey ( Ateles fusciceps ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020) Brown-headed Spider Monkey ( Ateles fusciceps ) : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2023/057 (05/05/2023) This measure to suspend the issuance of export permits has been extended to all wildlife specimens harvested from the wild (W) for commercial purposes (T), given that Panama is in the process of making non-detriment findings. In this regard, Panama urges all Parties to verify the validity or legality of permits by contacting the CITES Management Authorities of Panama, whose email addresses are listed on the CITES website. Black-crowned Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii ) : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2023/057 (05/05/2023) This measure to suspend the issuance of export permits has been extended to all wildlife specimens harvested from the wild (W) for commercial purposes (T), given that Panama is in the process of making non-detriment findings. In this regard, Panama urges all Parties to verify the validity or legality of permits by contacting the CITES Management Authorities of Panama, whose email addresses are listed on the CITES website. Peru : White-bellied Spider Monkey ( Ateles belzebuth ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Black Spider Monkey ( Ateles chamek ) : 92ND MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (03/12/2020) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020) Common Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha ) SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016) Suriname : Red-faced Black Spider Monkey ( Ateles paniscus ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020) United Kingdom : Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs and Robbie Douglas-Miller OBE (05/03/2024) The UK has enacted a law banning the keeping of primates as pets, effective from April 6, 2026. This legislation introduces strict licensing requirements to ensure primates are kept in zoo-level welfare conditions. The move aims to protect up to 5,000 primates currently held in domestic settings, recognizing that these intelligent animals have complex social and welfare needs that are impossible to meet in typical homes. Key points include: A mandatory licensing scheme for private owners with stringent welfare standards. Non-compliance will result in unlimited fines or confiscation of the primate. Local authorities will enforce the law with guidance from the government (Defra). This law builds on the UK’s Action Plan for Animal Welfare, which has already delivered measures such as recognizing animal sentience, strengthening penalties for cruelty, and banning various harmful practices like glue traps and low-welfare animal tourism ads. The UK leads the G7 in animal protection efforts according to World Animal Protection's Index. United States : Alabama: Restrictions on exotic animals like giant snails, bobcats, and venomous reptiles unless permitted before 2021. No release of non-native animals without a license. Alaska: Broad restrictions on wildlife, including wolf hybrids and chimpanzees. Some pets, like ferrets, are legal without a permit. Arizona: Extensive restrictions require permits for many species like primates, foxes, and Gila monsters. Permits are issued for specific purposes like education. Arkansas: Large carnivores and primates are restricted unless permitted before set years. Some venomous reptiles are allowed with permits, and up to six captive-bred animals like raccoons can be owned without a permit. California: Prohibits most wild animals, including bears and primates, but allows hybrids like Savannah cats. Colorado: Most exotic animals like primates and raccoons are banned, but hedgehogs and sugar gliders are allowed without permits. Connecticut: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and wolves. Limited ownership of primates allowed under specific conditions. Delaware: Requires permits for exotic animals; no comprehensive list of banned animals is provided. District of Columbia: Only common domestic pets like cats, dogs, and some birds are allowed. Exotic species are banned. Florida: Animals categorized into Classes I-III, with varying permit requirements. Non-dangerous animals like ferrets are exempt. Georgia: Strict permitting for wild animals like kangaroos and venomous snakes, while ferrets and sugar gliders are allowed under specific conditions. Hawaii: Most exotic animals, including hedgehogs and ferrets, are banned. A limited number of domesticated animals are permitted. Idaho: Prohibits animals harmful to agriculture, like wild boars and large cats. Llamas and guinea pigs are allowed without permits. Illinois: Restricts dangerous animals like large cats and wolves to organizations. Existing primates are allowed if registered. Indiana: Allows exotic animal ownership with permits for different classes, from squirrels to large predators. Iowa: Restricts dangerous wild animals unless permitted before 2007. Hybrids of domestic species are allowed. Kansas: Limits ownership of regulated animals like large cats, bears, and venomous snakes to approved facilities. Kentucky: Bans inherently dangerous animals like primates and bears. Some permits available for non-dangerous species. Louisiana: Requires permits for large snakes and prohibits endangered or dangerous species like bears and wolves. Maine: Broad restrictions on exotic pets like giraffes and kangaroos. Some exotic animals like coati are permitted. Maryland: Prohibits dangerous animals like primates and large cats unless registered before 2006. Massachusetts: Strict restrictions on endangered species and venomous reptiles. Ferrets allowed under specific conditions. Michigan: Restricts ownership of non-native species like large cats. Permits are available for captive-bred wildlife. Minnesota: Prohibits regulated animals like large cats unless registered before 2005. Mississippi: Requires liability insurance for permits to own inherently dangerous animals like elephants and primates. Missouri: Requires registration of dangerous reptiles and mammals with law enforcement. Montana: Requires annual permits for wild animals like large cats and bears. Many small exotics are legal without permits. Nebraska: Captive wildlife permits needed for most wild animals, excluding certain species like skunks and bears. Nevada: Relatively lenient, banning certain species like alligators but allowing primates and large cats. New Hampshire: Controlled species like armadillos and cougars require permits. New Jersey: Permits required for many species, including ferrets and primates. Some small animals are exempt. New Mexico: Regulates zoonotic disease carriers like skunks and raccoons; local laws may impose additional restrictions. New York: Prohibits most wild animals and hybrids; fines imposed for violations. North Carolina: Exotic pet laws vary by county or city; no statewide restrictions. North Dakota: Dangerous or hazardous animals like zebras and primates require licenses. Ohio: Strict laws after a 2011 incident, banning dangerous wild animals like tigers and bears without permits. Oklahoma: Permits required for venomous reptiles, while many exotic animals are exempt from regulation. Oregon: Prohibits wild cat species and large predators; permits available for service monkeys. Pennsylvania: Exotic wildlife permits required for animals like lions, wolves, and venomous snakes. Rhode Island: Only specific organizations can own wild carnivores like lions and tigers. South Carolina: Restricts large cats and apes unless registered by 2018. South Dakota: Permits required for most exotic animals, with specific rules for raccoon dogs. Tennessee: Classifies animals by risk level, requiring permits for certain classes. Texas: Requires a certificate of registration for dangerous wild animals like wild cats and primates. Utah: Controlled, noncontrolled, and prohibited animals require different levels of permitting. Vermont: Requires permits for exotic animals not on the unrestricted list. Virginia: Exotic animals like wild cats and crocodiles require permits. Washington: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and venomous snakes. West Virginia: Requires permits with strict conditions for keeping wild animals. Wisconsin: Requires licenses for wild animals, but some, like opossums and ground squirrels, are exempt. Wyoming: Requires permits for most wildlife unless specifically exempted. Highlights: Stringent Restrictions: Hawaii, California, and New York are among the strictest states. Lenient Laws: Indiana and Nevada allow more exotic animals with fewer restrictions. Common Prohibitions: Dangerous animals like large cats, bears, primates, and venomous reptiles are frequently restricted. Permits: Most states offer permits for special cases like education or scientific purposes. Venezuela : White-bellied Spider Monkey ( Ateles belzebuth ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Variegated Spider Monkey ( Ateles hybridus ) : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016) EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016) Références : Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance Keeping primates as pets banned - GOV.UK Laws on Exotic Animals for Each State Endcap_Wild_Pets_EU_Report_0812_Layout 1 Ateles paniscus (Red-faced Black Spider Monkey) Red-faced Black Spider Monkey ( Ateles paniscus ) : Species+ Publications Office 92_summary_SRG.pdf 77_summary_srg.pdf White-bellied Spider Monkey ( Ateles belzebuth ) : Ateles belzebuth (White-bellied Spider Monkey) White-bellied Spider Monkey ( Ateles belzebuth ) : Species+ 76_summary_srg.pdf Ateles geoffroyi (Central American Spider Monkey) Species+ Notification to the Parties 2023 Publications Office Ateles hybridus (Variegated Spider Monkey) Species+ Ateles marginatus (White-whiskered Spider Monkey) Species+ Ateles fusciceps (Brown-headed Spider Monkey) Species+ Ateles chamek (Black Spider Monkey) Species+ 92_summary_SRG.pdf Leontopithecus rosalia (Golden Lion Tamarin) (iucnredlist.org) Species+ (speciesplus.net) Official Journal of the European Union Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Black Lion Tamarin) Species+ Publications Office Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Golden-headed Lion Tamarin) Species+ Leontopithecus caissara (Black-faced Lion Tamarin) Species+ Callithrix jacchus (Common Marmoset) Species+ Callithrix flaviceps (Buffy-headed Marmoset) Species+ Callithrix kuhlii (Wied's Marmoset) Species+ Callithrix geoffroyi (Geoffroy’s Tufted-ear Marmoset) Species+ Callithrix penicillata (Black-pencilled Marmoset) Species+ Callithrix aurita (Buffy-tufted-ear Marmoset) Species+ Callibella humilis (Black-crowned Dwarf Marmoset) Species+ Cebuella niveiventris (Eastern Pygmy Marmoset) Cebuella pygmaea (Northern Pygmy Marmoset) Species+ Publications Office Callicebus nigrifrons (Black-fronted Titi Monkey) Species+ Plecturocebus caligatus (Chestnut-bellied Titi) Species+ Plecturocebus cinerascens (Ashy Black Titi Monkey) Species+ Plecturocebus cupreus (Coppery Titi Monkey) Species+ Mico argentatus Species+ Mico melanurus (Black-tailed Marmoset) Species+ Mico saterei (Sateré Marmoset) Species+ Mico leucippe (Golden-white Bare-ear Marmoset) Species+ Mico intermedius (Aripuanã Marmoset) Species+ Mico nigriceps (Black-headed Marmoset) Species+ Mico chrysoleucos (Golden-white Tassel-ear Marmoset) Saguinus bicolor (Pied Tamarin) Species+ Saguinus midas (Golden-handed Tamarin) Species+ Saguinus martinsi (Martin's Ochraceous Bare-face Tamarin) Species+ Saguinus ursulus Species+ Saguinus niger (Black-handed Tamarin) Species+ Saguinus mystax (Moustached Tamarin) Species+ Callimico goeldii (Goeldi’s Monkey) Species+ Leontocebus nigricollis (Black Mantle Tamarin) Leontocebus tripartitus (Golden-mantle Saddleback Tamarin) Tamarinus subgrisescens (Bearded Emperor Tamarin) Tamarinus imperator (Black-chinned Emperor Tamarin) Tamarinus labiatus (Red-chested Mustached Tamarin) Tamarinus inustus (Mottled-face Tamarin) Oedipomidas leucopus (Silvery-brown Tamarin) Oedipomidas oedipus (Cotton-headed Tamarin) Oedipomidas geoffroyi (Geoffroy’s Tamarin) Leontocebus cruzlimai (Cruz Lima’s Saddle-back Tamarin) Species+ Leontocebus lagonotus (Red-mantle Saddle-back Tamarin) Leontocebus fuscicollis (Saddleback Tamarin) Species+ Leontocebus fuscus (Lesson’s Saddle-back Tamarin) Leontocebus leucogenys (Andean Saddle-back Tamarin) Leontocebus illigeri (Illiger’s Saddle-back Tamarin) Leontocebus weddelli (Weddell’s Saddle-back Tamarin) Lagothrix flavicauda (Peruvian Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey) Species+ Lagothrix lagothricha (Common Woolly Monkey) Species+ Saimiri oerstedii (Black-crowned Central American Squirrel Monkey) Species+ Saimiri vanzolinii (Black Squirrel Monkey) Species+ Publications Office Saimiri sciureus (Guianan Squirrel Monkey) Species+ Publications Office Saimiri boliviensis (Bolivian Squirrel Monkey) Species+ Publications Office Saimiri ustus (Golden-backed Squirrel Monkey) Species+ Publications Office Saimiri collinsi (Collins' Squirrel Monkey) Species+

Kinkajou Potos flavus Localization South and Central America Threats Population U.I.C.N. : C.I.T.E.S: Trade Canada, United States: France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. India: Indonesia: Laos : Malaysia: Philippines : Vietnam : References : Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Pyrenean desman Galemys pyrenaicus David Perez Localization Galemys pyrenaicus pyrenaicus : Pyrenees (France, Andorra and Spain) Galemys pyrenaicus rufulus : Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) Threats Cultures, agriculture Fishing and Recreation Dams Invasive species Non-native diseases Land and water pollution Droughts Population Highly fragmented, declining populations I.U.C.N. : E.N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S : Not indexed Convention de Berne : Appendix II - Strictly Protected Wildlife Species Trade France : Article 1 of the Decree of 17 April 1981 Repealed by Decree of 23 April 2007 - article 8, intial version Amended by Order 2007-02-19 art. 1 JORF 19 April 2007 The destruction, alteration or degradation of the particular environment of mammals of the following non-domestic species, the destruction, mutilation, capture or removal, intentional disturbance, naturalization of individuals of these species or, whether living or dead, their transport, peddling, use or offering for sale, are prohibited throughout the national territory and at all times, selling or buying them: - Talpidae : Pyrenees desman (Galemys pyrenaicus ). Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. References : biodiversite.gouv.fr/projet-pna/wp-content/uploads/PNA_desman_des_pyrenees.pdf Galemys pyrenaicus (Desman pyrénéen) (iucnredlist.org) Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Direct sheets fishes Find, check and signal ! Cartilaginous fish OURANOS Project Bony fish Rhone streber Sturgeons

Parrots Psittaciformes Localization Africa, South and Central Americas, Oceania Threats Annual and perennial non-timber crops Wood plantations Selling as pets Population Decreasing U.I.C.N. : E.N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S : Trade European Union : 03/03/1997 : Official Journal of the European Communities PSITTACIFORMES spp.* ( II)-106 ( Parrots, etc. ) Psittacidae Annex A : Amazona arausiaca ( I ) ( Red-necked parrot) Amazona barbadensis ( I ) (Yellow-shouldered parrot) Amazona brasiliensis ( I ) ( Red-tailed parrot) Amazona guildingii ( I ) ( St Vincent parrot) Amazona imperialis ( I ) ( Imperial parrot) Amazona leucocephala ( I ) (Cuban parrot) Amazona pretrei ( I ) ( Red-spectacled parrot) Amazona rhodocorytha / Amazona dufresniana rhodocorytha ( I ) = ( Red-browed parrot) Amazona tucumana ( I ) (Tucuman parrot) Amazona versicolor ( I ) ( Saint Lucia parrot) Amazona vinacea ( I) (Vinaceous parrot) Amazona vittata ( I ) ( Puerto Rican parrot) Anodorhynchus spp. ( I ) ( Blue macaws) Ara ambigua ( I ) ( Great green macaw) Ara glaucogularis ( I ) (Blue-throated macaw) Ara macao ( I ) ( Scarlet macaw) Ara maracana (I (Blue-winged macaw) Ara militaris ( I ) ( Military macaw) Ara rubrogenys ( I ) (Red-fronted macaw) Aratinga guarouba ( I ) ( Golden parakeet) Cacatua goffini ( 1 ) (Tanimbar cockatoo) Cacatua haematuropygia (I) (Philippine cockatoo) Cacatua moluccensis ( I ) ( Salmon-crested cockatoo) Cyanopsitta spixii ( I ) ( Spix's macaw) Cyanoramphus auriceps forbesi ( I ) (Catham Island yellow-fronted parakeet) Cyanoramphus cookii ( I ) / Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cookii ( Norfolk parakeet) Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae ( I ) (Red-fronted parakeet) Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni ( I ) / Opopsitta diophtalma coxeni (Coxen's double-eyed fig parrot) Eos histrio ( I ) ( Red and blue lory) Geopsittacus occidentalis ( I ) / Pezoporus occidentalis (Night parrot) Neophema chrysogaster ( I ) ( Orange-bellied parrot) Ognorhychus icterotis ( I ) ( Yellow-eared parrot) Pezoporus wallicus ( I ) ( Ground parrot) Pionopsitta pileata ( I ) ( Pileated parrot) Probosciger aterrimus ( I ) ( Palm cockatoo) Psephotus chrysopterygius ( I ) ( Golden-shouldered parrot) Psephotus dissimilis ( I ) / Psephotus chrysopterygius ( Hooded parrot) Psephotus pulcherrimus p.e. ( I ) ( Paradise parrot) Psittacula echo ( I ) / Psittacula krameri echo ( Mauritius parakeet) Pyrrhura cruentata ( I ) ( Blue-throated parakeet) Rhynchopsitta spp. ( I ) (Thick-billed parrots) Strigops habroptilus ( I ) ( Kakapo ) Vini spp. ( II) ( Blue lorikeets) Annex C : Psittacula krameri ( III GH) ( Rose-ringed parakeet) Did you find a parrot for sale ? Indonesia Bukit Lawang, Bohorok North Sumatra, Indonesia Sumatra Ecoproject : info@sumeco.id Website : SUMECO (Sumatra Ecoproject) - Wildlife Conservation in Bukit Lawang, North Sumatra OURANOS Project : ouranosproject2023@gmail.com Sumatra Ecoproject OURANOS Project References : eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:31997R0338 : Official Journal of the European Communities

CONTACT Twitter/X : Ouranos project (@OuranosProject) / Twitter Mail : ouranosproject2023@gmail.com Instagram : @ouranos524 Name E-mail Phone number Object Message Send Thank you for your message !

Bats Chiroptera I.U.C.N. : L.C. : Low Concern N.T. : Not Threatened VU : Vulnerable EN : Endangered CR : Critically Endangered EW : Extinct in the Wild EX : Extinct C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I : strictly forbidden trade (or allowed by special agreements) Appendix II : restricted trade Appendix III : allowed trade not indexed : no C.I.T.E.S. status Localisation World out of Poles Threats Trade online Agriculture, some of pesticides Diseases Bush meat Traditionnal medicine Touristic trade Trade France : Including “Chiroptera” bonds in sales deeds during state real estate transfers Number of sales deeds that included a clause in favor of bats Including “Chiroptera” data in sales deeds during state real estate transfers or forest house transfers Number of sales deeds that included a clause in favor of bats Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. United States : Some animals, such as bats, insects, and snails, are known to carry zoonotic diseases. Importation of such animals for any purpose requires permits from CDC and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Because bats can be infected with and transmit rabies, permits are not issued for the importation of bats as pets. Etiologic agents, hosts, or vectors of human disease, including microorganisms, insects, biological materials, tissues, certain live animals (e.g., live snails), and animal products may require a CDC permit for importation or transfer into the United States. CDC permits for approved scientific, exhibition, or educational purposes are issued through the CDC Import Permit Program. Internet trade The species Kerivoula picta , like other microbats, is sold on online platforms for decorative purposes as well as as souvenirs for tourists. According to Coleman et al. (2024), sales of Kerivoula picta and other bats are decreasing between December 2022 and January 2023, but are predominant in Western countries, reaching more than 500 offers listed on eBay for the United States. According to a study led by Hunter et al . (2024), over a period of 18-months, the sale of 4479 different bat products have been identified , derived from 47 different species. On Etsy, it is estimated that over 10,000 items were sold over the study period, including skulls, skeletons, taxidermy, framed displays and jewellery. The sellers of these items were predominantly located in Europe, North America and Hong Kong, whilst analysis of the ranges of the species advertised in listings indicated that South and South East Asia are likely to be hotspots of sourcing for this trade. Moreover, bat ornaments are largely sold as collectible oddities. Cynopterus brachyotis (I.U.C.N. : L.C. , C.I.T.E.S. : not indexed) Eonycteris spelaea (I.U.C.N. : L.C. , C.I.T.E.S. : not indexed) Kerivoula picta (I.U.C.N. : N.T. - soon revised, C.I.T.E.S. : not indexed) Decreasing Kerivoula pellucida (I.U.C.N. : N.T. , C.I.T.E.S. : not indexed) Decreasing Nycteris javanica (I.U.C.N. : V.U. , C.I.T.E.S. : not indexed) Decreasing Picture : Hansmuller, 2015, Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden) Pipistrellus javanicus (I.U.C.N. : L.C. , C.I.T.E.S. : not indexed) Pipistrellus kuhlii (I.U.C.N. : L.C. , C.I.T.E.S. : not indexed) References : PNA_Chiropteres_2016-2025.pdf (biodiversite.gouv.fr) http://www.economie.gouv.fr/cessions Bats | Bringing an Animal into U.S. | Importation | CDC Muscardin volant — Wikipédia (wikipedia.org) Bat Trade Working Group - IUCN SSC Bat Specialist Group (iucnbsg.org) Frontiers | Bat E-Commerce: Insights Into the Extent and Potential Implications of This Dark Trade (frontiersin.org) Increasing concern over trade in bat souvenirs from South-east Asia | Oryx | Cambridge Core Endangered Species Act Protections Sought for Painted Woolly Bats - Center for Biological Diversity Increasing concern over trade in bat souvenirs from South-east Asia | Oryx | Cambridge Core Joanna Coleman, Nistara Randhawa, Joe Chun-Chia Huang, Tigga Kingston, Benjamin P Y-H Lee, Joy M O’Keefe, Abigail Rutrough, Vu Dinh Thong, Susan M Tsang, Chris R Shepherd. 2024, Dying for décor: quantifying the online, ornamental trade in a distinctive bat species, Kerivoula picta Sara Bronwen Hunter, Julie Weeds, Fiona Mathews. 2024, Monitoring the trade in bat taxidermy and specimens on e-commerce platforms - ScienceDirect - Biological Conservation (299,110827) Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Wombat Wombatidae I.U.C.N. : L.C. : Low Concern N.T. : Not Threatened VU : Vulnerable EN : Endangered CR : Critically Endangered EW : Extinct in the Wild EX : Extinct DD : Data Deficient C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I : strictly forbidden trade (or allowed by special agreements) Appendix II : restricted trade Appendix III : allowed trade not indexed : no C.I.T.E.S. status Common Wombat Vombatus ursinus U.I.C.N. : LC - Least Concerned C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat Lasiorhinus krefftii U.I.C.N. : CR - Critically Endangered C.I.T.E.S. : Appendix I (01/07/1975) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Class A (20/05/2023) Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat Lasiorhinus latifrons U.I.C.N. : NT - Near Threatened C.I.T.E.S. : Not indexed Localization Australia Threats Annual and perennial non-timber crops Livestock farming and ranching Invasive, non-native and alien species Diseases (known and unknown) Droughts Population Common wombat (Vombatus ursinus ) : stable Northern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus krefftii ) : stable Southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons ) : decreasing Trade Internet : Australia: EPBC Act plus Biosecurity Act make online wombat trading illegal without proper import/export permits. Victoria: “Advanced wildlife licence” users may advertise wombats online via socials or Gumtree legislation.gov.au+4parliament.vic.gov.au+4dcceew.gov.au+4 . South Australia: Online listings for burrow destruction or wombat pups without permit would violate NPW Act. U.S./UK: Online sales subject to exotic-pet licensing and dangerous animal laws (state/county-based). Australia : Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) Australia has strict regulations for importing and exporting household pets, focusing on native and exotic species. Native Pets: The export of live native animals is highly regulated to protect Australian wildlife. Certain native pets, like cockatoos and budgerigars, can be taken abroad under strict conditions, such as non-commercial purposes and limited numbers. Owners must prove residency, ownership, and intention to permanently relocate overseas. Exotic Pets: Defined as non-native species, exotic pets are subject to import restrictions under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and Biosecurity Act 2015. Only species on the "Live Import List" are permitted. Illegally imported animals are prohibited, and offenders may face fines or imprisonment. Wildlife Trade Permits: Permits are needed for native and exotic pet trade, especially for species listed under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Australia’s regulations aim to protect its environment, prevent disease, and ensure humane treatment of animals. Federal : Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) Governs all international trade in native wildlife, including wombats. Export/import without permit is illegal (since 1999) EPBC Regulations 2001 Regulation 9A.10: Non-commercial live exports for education (e.g., wombats) require an “Ambassador Agreement” among exporter, importer, and department. Regulation 9A.12: Permits for non-commercial conservation breeding of listed species (including wombats). Biosecurity Act 2015 Controls entry of live animals; may affect internet-facilitated imports State/Territory : Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 Current as at 1 September 2024 Ownership of Protected Wildlife: Protected animals and plants are generally owned by the State. Ownership can transfer to individuals through licenses, permits, or conservation plans. Progeny of protected animals or plants often belong to the parent owner. Animals or plants that become protected due to new regulations remain the owner’s property unless specified otherwise. Liability and Rights: The State is not liable for incidents involving protected species. Existing property rights before wildlife becomes protected are preserved. Restrictions on Activities: Taking, keeping, or using protected animals without authorization can result in significant penalties, including fines and imprisonment. Certain exemptions apply, such as unintentional harm or cultural practices by Indigenous peoples. Special Restrictions: Dugongs and Marine Turtles: Selling or distributing these animals or their derivatives in commercial food premises is prohibited. Flying Foxes: Destroying, disturbing, or relocating their roosts is restricted unless specifically authorized. The laws aim to balance conservation efforts with individual ownership rights and impose severe penalties for unauthorized activities to protect biodiversity and promote responsible wildlife management. Victoria Wildlife Act 1975 Allows private ownership only under "advanced wildlife licence" (date unspecified; still current). Critiqued in March 19, 2025 Legislative Council debate for lax vetting; wombat pet trade is legal under permit. Status Post-Outrage (2020) Following media coverage of wombat hunts (“high-roller” hunts), Victoria became the last Australian state to ban recreational wombat hunting (circa Feb 2020). South Australia National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (amended June 2023) Now prohibits damaging, disturbing, or destroying wombat burrows without permit. Wombats themselves are protected; harming or killing requires a permit. Western Australia Example: 2019 case—Kalgoorlie woman fined under animal cruelty laws for keeping an orphan wombat (fine A$6,000) Japan and other countries : Varying exotic-species laws; many allow wombats with permits or no regulation (e.g., Japan, Argentina). United Kingdom : Non-native; governed by: Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976: requires licensing. Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: protects native wildlife; borrowed analogy from wombat—not directly applicable. United States : Species not native; subject to state exotic-pet regulations. According to secondary sources (e.g., BerryPatch farms): Some states allow with permit (e.g., Alabama, South Carolina, Wisconsin). Others ban wombat ownership entirely (e.g., California). Dangerous Wild Animals or equivalent laws may apply. Rules through the United States : Alabama: Restrictions on exotic animals like giant snails, bobcats, and venomous reptiles unless permitted before 2021. No release of non-native animals without a license. Alaska: Broad restrictions on wildlife, including wolf hybrids and chimpanzees. Some pets, like ferrets, are legal without a permit. Arizona: Extensive restrictions require permits for many species like primates, foxes, and Gila monsters. Permits are issued for specific purposes like education. Arkansas: Large carnivores and primates are restricted unless permitted before set years. Some venomous reptiles are allowed with permits, and up to six captive-bred animals like raccoons can be owned without a permit. California: Prohibits most wild animals, including bears and primates, but allows hybrids like Savannah cats. Colorado: Most exotic animals like primates and raccoons are banned, but hedgehogs and sugar gliders are allowed without permits. Connecticut: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and wolves. Limited ownership of primates allowed under specific conditions. Delaware: Requires permits for exotic animals; no comprehensive list of banned animals is provided. District of Columbia: Only common domestic pets like cats, dogs, and some birds are allowed. Exotic species are banned. Florida: Animals categorized into Classes I-III, with varying permit requirements. Non-dangerous animals like ferrets are exempt. Georgia: Strict permitting for wild animals like kangaroos and venomous snakes, while ferrets and sugar gliders are allowed under specific conditions. Hawaii: Most exotic animals, including hedgehogs and ferrets, are banned. A limited number of domesticated animals are permitted. Idaho: Prohibits animals harmful to agriculture, like wild boars and large cats. Llamas and guinea pigs are allowed without permits. Illinois: Restricts dangerous animals like large cats and wolves to organizations. Existing primates are allowed if registered. Indiana: Allows exotic animal ownership with permits for different classes, from squirrels to large predators. Iowa: Restricts dangerous wild animals unless permitted before 2007. Hybrids of domestic species are allowed. Kansas: Limits ownership of regulated animals like large cats, bears, and venomous snakes to approved facilities. Kentucky: Bans inherently dangerous animals like primates and bears. Some permits available for non-dangerous species. Louisiana: Requires permits for large snakes and prohibits endangered or dangerous species like bears and wolves. Maine: Broad restrictions on exotic pets like giraffes and kangaroos. Some exotic animals like coati are permitted. Maryland: Prohibits dangerous animals like primates and large cats unless registered before 2006. Massachusetts: Strict restrictions on endangered species and venomous reptiles. Ferrets allowed under specific conditions. Michigan: Restricts ownership of non-native species like large cats. Permits are available for captive-bred wildlife. Minnesota: Prohibits regulated animals like large cats unless registered before 2005. Mississippi: Requires liability insurance for permits to own inherently dangerous animals like elephants and primates. Missouri: Requires registration of dangerous reptiles and mammals with law enforcement. Montana: Requires annual permits for wild animals like large cats and bears. Many small exotics are legal without permits. Nebraska: Captive wildlife permits needed for most wild animals, excluding certain species like skunks and bears. Nevada: Relatively lenient, banning certain species like alligators but allowing primates and large cats. New Hampshire: Controlled species like armadillos and cougars require permits. New Jersey: Permits required for many species, including ferrets and primates. Some small animals are exempt. New Mexico: Regulates zoonotic disease carriers like skunks and raccoons; local laws may impose additional restrictions. New York: Prohibits most wild animals and hybrids; fines imposed for violations. North Carolina: Exotic pet laws vary by county or city; no statewide restrictions. North Dakota: Dangerous or hazardous animals like zebras and primates require licenses. Ohio: Strict laws after a 2011 incident, banning dangerous wild animals like tigers and bears without permits. Oklahoma: Permits required for venomous reptiles, while many exotic animals are exempt from regulation. Oregon: Prohibits wild cat species and large predators; permits available for service monkeys. Pennsylvania: Exotic wildlife permits required for animals like lions, wolves, and venomous snakes. Rhode Island: Only specific organizations can own wild carnivores like lions and tigers. South Carolina: Restricts large cats and apes unless registered by 2018. South Dakota: Permits required for most exotic animals, with specific rules for raccoon dogs. Tennessee: Classifies animals by risk level, requiring permits for certain classes. Texas: Requires a certificate of registration for dangerous wild animals like wild cats and primates. Utah: Controlled, noncontrolled, and prohibited animals require different levels of permitting. Vermont: Requires permits for exotic animals not on the unrestricted list. Virginia: Exotic animals like wild cats and crocodiles require permits. Washington: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and venomous snakes. West Virginia: Requires permits with strict conditions for keeping wild animals. Wisconsin: Requires licenses for wild animals, but some, like opossums and ground squirrels, are exempt. Wyoming: Requires permits for most wildlife unless specifically exempted. Highlights: Stringent Restrictions: Hawaii, California, and New York are among the strictest states. Lenient Laws: Indiana and Nevada allow more exotic animals with fewer restrictions. Common Prohibitions: Dangerous animals like large cats, bears, primates, and venomous reptiles are frequently restricted. Permits: Most states offer permits for special cases like education or scientific purposes. References : Species+ Vombatus ursinus (Common Wombat) Lasiorhinus krefftii (Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat) Lasiorhinus latifrons (Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat) Publications Office Nature Conservation Act 1992 Mangy marsupials: wombats are catching a deadly disease, and we urgently need a plan to help them Approved lists under the EPBC Act and nominating something for listing - DCCEEW Household pets - DCCEEW Laws on Exotic Animals for Each State Australia Federal EPBC Act 1999 & its Regulations 2001 (R9A.10 & R9A.12) nla.gov.au+3environment.sa.gov.au+3environment.sa.gov.au+3 dcceew.gov.au+2dcceew.gov.au+2dcceew.gov.au+2 dcceew.gov.au reddit.com+1reddit.com+1 berrypatchfarms.net abc.net.au Biosecurity Act 2015 Victoria Parliamentary Hansard (19 Mar 2025) on licences reddit.com+2reddit.com+2reddit.com+2 South Australia NPW Act amendment June 2023 WA animal cruelty case March 2019 abc.net.au BerryPatch Farms overview on U.S./UK & other countries berrypatchfarms.net

Pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis / Hexaprotodon liberiensis PublicDomainPictures Localization Western Africa Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone Extinct in Nigeria Threats Annual and perennial non-timber crops Mining and quarrying Hunting and trapping terrestrial animals Logging and wood harvesting War Civil unrest Military exercises Population Decreasing populations, fragmented, 2000 to 2499 individuals I.U.C.N. : E.N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S : Appendix II Trade Opportunistical bushmeat and commercial hunting. European Union : Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/966 of 15 May 2023 Pygmy hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon liberiensis ) listed at the Annex B (Appendix II) : The Appendix II includes species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but in which trade must be controlled to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival. Annex A includes: All CITES Appendix I species, except where EU Member States have entered a reservation Some CITES Appendix II and III species, for which the EU has adopted stricter domestic measures Some non-CITES species Annex B includes: All other CITES Appendix II species, except where EU Member States have entered a reservation Some CITES Appendix III species Some non-CITES species France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. Guinea : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2023/128 CONCERNING: Geneva, 23 November 2023 APPLICATION OF ARTICLE XIII IN GUINEA All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Liberia : CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2018/012 CONCERNING: LIBERIA Geneva, 22 January 2018 Maintenance of a recommendation to suspend trade All commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species are suspended. Nigeria : SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA1 7 NOVEMBER 2016 No opinion for import of specimens of the following species / countries combinations All applications to be referred to SRG: The species is not currently (or is only rarely) in trade, but significant trade in relation to the conservation status of the species could be anticipated. References : Choeropsis liberiensis (Pygmy Hippopotamus) (iucnredlist.org) (included Dufour. 2002. Premier recensement des activités cynégétiques en Forêt Classée de Diécké. MAE / DNEF - CFZ / PGRR.) Letter template (cites.org) Notification to the Parties No. 2017/ (cites.org) Publications Office (europa.eu) Wildlife trade - European Commission (europa.eu) 77_summary_srg.pdf (europa.eu) Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance Read the article

Peter's bright snake Liophidium mayottensis Liophidium mayottensis, photographié à Mayotte, Lac Karihani, mars 2019. Photo : Kathleen C. Webster. Figure 7: Liophidium mayottensis, photographed in Mayotte, Lac Karihani, March 2019. Picture: Kathleen C. Webster. Localization Mayotte (France) Threats Cultures, agriculture Hunting and trapping of land animals Invasive species Non-native diseases Population Number of individuals unknown, highly fragmented populations I.U.C.N. : E.N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S : Not indexed Trade France : Order No. 361/DEAL/SPR/2018 of December 3, 2018 The species itself does not have any legal economic value because its capture, possession and trade are prohibited by law. Prefectural Order No. 361/DEAL/SEPR/2018 of 14 December 2018 Prohibition throughout the territory of Mayotte of the destruction or removal of eggs or nests, as well as the mutilation, destruction, capture or removal, intentional disturbance, naturalization, whether they are alive or dead, their transport, peddling, use, possession, offering for sale, sale or purchase. The destruction, alteration or degradation of breeding sites and resting areas of animals is also prohibited in the parts of the territory of Mayotte where the species is present as well as in the natural range of existing population centres. These prohibitions apply to the physical or biological elements deemed necessary for the reproduction or rest of the species in question, as long as they are actually used or usable during the successive cycles of reproduction or rest of that species and for all that the destruction, alteration or degradation calls into question the proper completion of these biological cycles. Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. References : PNA_couleuvre_de_Mayotte.pdf (biodiversite.gouv.fr) Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance