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Binturong Arctictis binturong ⒸEmmanuel Baril Localization South-Eastern Asia Threats Urbanization Cultures, Agriculture Planting wood and pulp Logging Hunting for fur and human food Pet trade Traditional medicine Population Decreasing U.I.C.N. : V.U. - Vulnérable C.I.T.E.S : Appendix III (12/04/2001) - sale possible with permit or certificate appropriate to the legislation EU Wildlife Trade Regulations: Appendix C in India (under discussion for Indonesia) - species listed in CITES Appendix III, unless EU Member States have expressed a reservation Trade Canada, United States : In most states in the United States as well as Canada and many Western countries, it is illegal to keep binturongs as pets. States like California have the strictest laws and ban these animals altogether. However, there are also states in which the possession of exotic animals is not regulated at all and others may apply for a permit. As binturongs are listed as vulnerable by the IUCN, their trade and import are prohibited. So, while it's probably legal to own in some states, legal issues can arise in addition to ethical concerns among other domestic issues, with a binturong as a pet. France : Any animal not included in the list of domestic animals set by ministerial decree is a wild animal. The binturong is not on this list. For animals coming from a country other than France, the marking must be carried out within eight days of arrival at the place of detention. However, this provision does not apply to animals whose stay in France does not exceed three months, provided that they are marked in accordance with the provisions of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora known as CITES. For zoological parks, certificate(s) of capacity and opening authorization(s) are required for captivity. Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. India : The Management Authority of India informed the Secretariat that the Government of India has banned the export for commercial purposes of all wild specimens of species listed in CITES Appendices I, II and III, with the exception of certain plant foods. Indonesia : Binturongs are a protected species in Indonesia under the Act of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 1990 Concerning Conservation of Living Resources and their Ecosystems and Government Regulation No. 7 1999 Concerning the Preservation of Flora and Fauna . Ongoing negotiations regarding the establishment of the binturong in Annex C of the EU Wildlife Trade Regulations. In general, these laws prohibit commercial use of protected species including catching, hunting, injuring, killing, keeping, possessing, transporting or trading whether alive or dead. Commercial trade is however permissible for second generation captive-bred individuals by facilities that have been approved by the government. According to the law and Gomez L. & Shepherd C. (2024), illegal possession of a protected species incurs a penalty of up to five years in prison and a fine of IDR100mil (~ USD6,350). Based on seizure data analysis, most penalties meted out were low i.e., below 1 year imprisonment and fines of less than IDR5mil (~ USD318). Binturongs are also found in the exotic pet trade, especially in East Kalimantan. According to Arifianto I. et al. (2022), the owners of CV Bumi Makmur binturongs are sold domestically (across the country) and internationally (e.g., Italy, Japan, Germany, USA, Ukraine, Russia and others) and a single binturong can reach IDR45 mil (~ USD2800) in the international market. Moreover, it is mainly from Indonesia that the sale of "kopi luwak" ("civet coffee"), generated by the excrement of civets, but also of binturongs on the island of Sumatra, is recorded. Internet : In Gomez and Shepherd's study, there were at least 594 advertisements for binturongs observed during the survey period (1 July 2023 to 1 October 2023). The majority of these were found on Facebook (97.6%), and to a much lesser extent, on TikTok (2.2%) and one on Instagram. Japan : Binturongs are found in specific cafés, where people can feed and touch them. Laos : Suspension of trade in specimens of CITES-listed species with the Lao People's Democratic Republic, in line with the recommendations of the Standing Committee. Recommendation maintained until further notice. Malaysia : Civets (Viverridae), including binturongs, are traded for their meat throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Philippines : The commercial export of wild-caught wildlife specimens is prohibited. Only specimens bred in captivity by breeders licensed and registered by the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) can be exported. Vietnam : In Vietnam, there are some recent reports of this species being kept as pets or as show animals in hotels, and the species is also traded for wild meat and traditional medicine markets, for which a wide range of animal species are hunted. Read the article Did you find a binturong for sale ? France 57 rue Cuvier MNHN CP31 75005 Paris, France Philippines 88 Paduga Road, Barangay santa Monica Puerto Princesa City 5300 Palawan, Philippines Country Selling on the internet Thank you for you message Send ABConservation : contact@abconservation.org Website : ABConservation - The NGO dedicated to the Binturong OURANOS Project : ouranosproject2023@gmail.com ABConservation OURANOS Project References : Arctictis binturong (Binturong) (iucnredlist.org) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2018/031 CONCERNING: INDIA Geneva, 26 March 2018 Ban on trade in wild fauna and flora, except certain specimens of Dalbergia latifolia and Dalbergia sissoo (E-Notif-2018-031.pdf (cites.org) ) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2010/038 CONCERNING: 1. 2. This Notification is being distributed at the request of the Philippines. Geneva, 29 November 2010 PHILIPPINES Prohibition of trade in CITES specimens (E038.pdf (cites.org) ) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2016/011 CONCERNING: Geneva, 11 February 2016 LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2015/013 CONCERNING: LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Recommendation to suspend trade Geneva, 19 March 2015 (E-Notif-2015-013_0.pdf (cites.org) ) COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2023/966 of 15 May 2023 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 to reflect the amendments adopted at the 19th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32023R0966 ) 90TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA1 10 JUNE 2020 ONLINE MEETING SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS (90_summary_SRG.pdf (europa.eu) ) Arrêté du 11 août 2006 fixant la liste des espèces, races ou variétés d'animaux domestiques - Légifrance (legifrance.gouv.fr) ) Arrêté du 8 octobre 2018 fixant les règles générales de détention d'animaux d'espèces non domestiques - Légifrance (legifrance.gouv.fr) Les Annexes I, II et III de la CITES | CITES Commerce d’espèces sauvages (europa.eu) Lalita Gomez & Chris R. Shepherd, "The illegal trade of binturongs in Indonesia (arctictis binturong)", Discover Animals , Volume 1, article number 27 Can You Own A Pet Binturong? Everything You Should Know! (koalapets.com) Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Galago (bush baby) Galagidae Localization Africa Threats Population U.I.C.N. : C.I.T.E.S: Trade Canada, United States: France: Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. India: Indonesia: Laos : Malaysia: Philippines : Vietnam : References : Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

Manatee Trichechus sp. Localisation Caribbean Amazonia Eastern American coasts Western African coasts Threats Commercial and industrial areas Shipping lanes Fishing and harvesting aquatic resources Tourism and recreational activities Dams and water management/use Domestic and urban waste water Agricultural and forestry effluents Habitat shifting and alteration Temperature extremes Storms and flooding Housing and urban areas Commercial and industrial areas Annual and perennial non-timber crops Marine and freshwater aquaculture Oil and gas drilling Utility and service lines Logging and wood harvesting War, civil unrest and military exercises Work and other activities Industrial and military effluents Garbage and solid waste Excess energy Habitat shifting and alteration Droughts Livestock farming and ranching Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases Stress Traditional medicine Population Decreasing U.I.C.N. : Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis ) : V.U. - Vulnerable Trichechus pygmaeus : possible subspecies of Trichechus inunguis : without I.U.C.N. status West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus ) : V .U. - Vulnerable Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris ) : E.N. - Endangered Greater Caribbean Manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus ) : E.N. - Endangered African manatee (Trichechus senegalensis ) : V .U. - Vulnerable C.I.T.E.S : Amazonian manatee ( Trichechus inunguis ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus ) : Appendix I (01/07/1975) African manatee (Trichechus senegalensis ) : Appendix I (12/06/2023) EU Wildlife Trade Regulations : Annex A (20/05/2023) African Convention of Nature and Natural Resources : Class A (16/06/1969) Trade African Union : AFRICAN CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (Date of Adoption: 15/09/1968, Date of last signature: 24/01/2013, Date entry into force: 16/06/1969) Trichechus senegalensis - West African manatee : Class A AFRICAN CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (Maputo, Mozambique - 11/07/2003, Entered into force on 23/07/2016) Article XI. TRADE IN SPECIMENS AND PRODUCTS THEREOF The Parties shall: a) regulate the domestic trade in, as well as the transport and possession of specimens and products to ensure that such specimens and products have been taken or obtained in conformity with domestic law and international obligations related to trade in species b) in the measures referred to under a) above, provide for appropriate penal sanctions, including confiscation measures. The Parties shall, where appropriate, cooperate through bilateral or sub-regional agreements with a view to reducing and ultimately eliminating illegal trade in wild fauna and flora or their specimens or products European Union : REGULATIONS COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2023/966 of 15 May 2023 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 to reflect the amendments adopted at the 19th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora : Annex A . Grenada : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES - No. 2016/022 (16/03/2016) Recommendation to suspend trade for non-submission of annual reports. Suspension of the trade of all CITES-listed species. Guinea : APPLICATION OF ARTICLE XIII IN GUINEA - No. 2023/128 (23/11/2023) Recommendation to maintain the suspension of trade for commercial purposes with Guinea in specimens of all CITES-listed species and other recommendations Liberia : CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES - No. 2018/012 (22/01/2018) Maintenance of a recommendation to suspend trade of all CITES-listed species. Panama : NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES - No. 2023/057 (05/05/2023) Suspension of the issuance of export permits for wild-harvested specimens. The issuance of export permits for all wildlife specimens harvested from the wild for commercial purposes has been suspended. United States : Marine Mammal Protection Act (10/1972) and the Endangered Species Act (1973) : Federal laws, penalties for breaking these federal laws could include a year in prison and a fine up to $20,000. These laws prohibit hunting, capturing, killing, or harassing these animals. The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 As Amended as amended through 2018 (Revised 03/2019) : 16 U.S.C. 1375a Sec. : Hereafter, all fines collected by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for violations of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 1362-1407) and implementing regulations shall be available to the Secretary, without further appropriation, to be used for the expenses of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in administering activities for the protection and recovery of manatees, polar bears, sea otters, and walruses, and shall remain available until expended. the export and subsequent import are consistent with the provisions of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and other international agreements and conventions; and the export and subsequent import are not likely to contribute to illegal trade in bear parts. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973 As Amended through the 108th Congress - Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. 20240 (1973) : if an endangered species or threatened species of a marine mammal is involved, the taking is authorized pursuant to section 101(a)(5) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 The term “scrimshaw product” means any art form which involves the substantial etching or engraving of designs upon, or the substantial carving of figures, patterns, or designs from, any bone or tooth of any marine mammal of the order Cetacea. For purposes of this subsection, polishing or the adding of minor superficial markings does not constitute substantial etching, engraving, or carving. MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972 SEC. 17. Except as otherwise provided in this Act, no provision of this Act shall take precedence over any more restrictive conflicting provision of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Florida Manatee Sanctuary Act (1978) : State legislation that allows the establishment of manatee sanctuaries in Florida. Did you find a manatee in need (sick, injured, harassed or orphaned) ? Call the FWC's Wildlife Alert Toll-Free Number : 1-888-404-FWCC (1-888-404-3922) Please be prepared to answer the following questions: What is the exact location of the animal? Is the manatee alive or dead? Is the manatee tagged? How long have you been observing the manatee? What is the approximate size of the manatee? What is the location of the public boat ramp closest to the manatee? Can you provide a contact number where you can be reached for further information? The above information is the most important you can provide; however, any additional information will be helpful. How to Help a Stranded Manatee DO NOT RETURN THE MANATEE TO THE WATER! Do not touch or feed the manatee. Observe from a safe distance and keep other people away. Note the manatee's condition. Does it appear weak, skinny, have open wounds? Look for any obvious identification - tag or markings. Determine the manatee's exact location for accurate reporting. Report the manatee using the above information. More information : https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/17871500894722481/ United States Florida Manatee Rescue & Rehabilitation Partnership Website : Manatee Rescue & Rehabilitation Partnership Manatee Rescue & Rehabilitation Partnership References : Trichechus inunguis (Amazonian Manatee) Trichechus manatus (West Indian Manatee) Trichechus manatus ssp. latirostris (Florida Manatee) Trichechus manatus ssp. manatus (Greater Caribbean Manatee) Trichechus senegalensis (African Manatee) van Roosmalen, Hotspot of new megafauna found in the Central Amazon (Brazil): the lower Rio Aripuanã Basin, Biodiversity Journal, 2015, 6 (1): 219–244 Publications Office Letter template Notification to the Parties No. 2017/ Notification to the Parties 2023 Notification to the Parties No. 2016/022 41550-treaty-Charter_ConservationNature_NaturalResources.pdf CONSERVATION OF NATURE.doc https://www.flrules.org/gateway/readFile.asp?sid=0&tid=0&cno=68C-22&caid=1521947&type=4&file=68C-22.doc The MMPA of 1972 as amended through 2018 Endangered Species Act of 1973, As Amended through the 108th Congress All About Manatees - Conservation & Research | United Parks & Resorts Manatee Rescue & Rehabilitation Partnership Manatee Facts | Save the Manatee Club Miranda, T.L. 2014. Ocorrência de peixe-boi Trichechus spp (Mammalia, Sirenia) a partir do conhecimento ecológico local dos pescadores de Belém e região insular, estuário amazônico. Undergraduate thesis. Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil. 51 pp

Kinkajou Potos flavus Localization South and Central America Threats Population U.I.C.N. : C.I.T.E.S: Trade Canada, United States: France : Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. India: Indonesia: Laos : Malaysia: Philippines : Vietnam : References : Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

CONTACT Twitter/X : Ouranos project (@OuranosProject) / Twitter Mail : ouranosproject2023@gmail.com Instagram : @ouranos524 Name E-mail Phone number Object Message Send Thank you for your message !

Peter's bright snake Liophidium mayottensis Liophidium mayottensis, photographié à Mayotte, Lac Karihani, mars 2019. Photo : Kathleen C. Webster. Figure 7: Liophidium mayottensis, photographed in Mayotte, Lac Karihani, March 2019. Picture: Kathleen C. Webster. Localization Mayotte (France) Threats Cultures, agriculture Hunting and trapping of land animals Invasive species Non-native diseases Population Number of individuals unknown, highly fragmented populations I.U.C.N. : E.N. - Endangered C.I.T.E.S : Not indexed Trade France : Order No. 361/DEAL/SPR/2018 of December 3, 2018 The species itself does not have any legal economic value because its capture, possession and trade are prohibited by law. Prefectural Order No. 361/DEAL/SEPR/2018 of 14 December 2018 Prohibition throughout the territory of Mayotte of the destruction or removal of eggs or nests, as well as the mutilation, destruction, capture or removal, intentional disturbance, naturalization, whether they are alive or dead, their transport, peddling, use, possession, offering for sale, sale or purchase. The destruction, alteration or degradation of breeding sites and resting areas of animals is also prohibited in the parts of the territory of Mayotte where the species is present as well as in the natural range of existing population centres. These prohibitions apply to the physical or biological elements deemed necessary for the reproduction or rest of the species in question, as long as they are actually used or usable during the successive cycles of reproduction or rest of that species and for all that the destruction, alteration or degradation calls into question the proper completion of these biological cycles. Article L413-10 Version in force since 02 December 2021 Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals: It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows. This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023). Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals: Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028). Animal Welfare Provisions: Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being. Exceptions: The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable. Certificates and Permits: New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave. Animal Registration: Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation. This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows. References : PNA_couleuvre_de_Mayotte.pdf (biodiversite.gouv.fr) Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

IDENTIFICATION SHEETS Know better, save better Here you will find the identification sheets needed to determine if the species listed on the offer you found is indeed an endangered species. If this is the case (IUCN from VU to EW, or even EX and CITES Appendix I), copy the offer link or take a screenshot before sending it to the corresponding expert (see below the sheets). Mammalia - Bovidae Hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus ) Herbivore Sahel, East Africa, South Africa IUCN: L.C. - not threatened C.I.T.E.S.: not reported Did you know? There are 8 subspecies, including one living in North Africa and the Near East, extinct in 1925. Some scientists believe that some of them are separate species. Mammalia - Primate Sunda slow loris (Nycticebus cougang ) Insectivore Southeast Asia IUCN: EN - ENDANGERED CITES: Appendix I Did you know? Many people want it as a pet because of the videos on the Internet, but it secretes a toxic substance that has already caused medical complications. Mammalia - Chiroptera Bats (Chiroptera) Insectivore/ Frugivore/ Piscivore/ Hematophage according to taxa Worldwide except at the Poles I.U.C.N.: according to species C.I.T.E.S.: often not reported Did you know? Many species of bats are threatened, in particular, tropical bats (e.g. Otomops formosus), for sale on the Internet. Some scientists have sounded the alarm to stem this scourge. Mammalia - Equidae Zebra (Equus zebra, E. quagga , E. grevyi ) Herbivore Eastern and Southern Africa I.U.C.N. : E. zebra : V.U. - VULNERABLE E. quagga : N.T. - Near-threatened E. grevyi : E.N. - ENDANGERED C.I.T.E.S. : E. zebra : Appendix II E. quagga : not reported E. grevyi : Appendix I Did you know? Each stripe pattern is unique. Reptiles - Chelonia Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas ) Carnivore (until juvenile stage and occasionally)/ Herbivore (adult) Oceans (except Poles) I.U.C.N.: EN - ENDANGERED C.I.T.E.S.: Appendix I Did you know? They lay their eggs on the beaches where they were born. Fish - Chondrichthyes Dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus ) Carnivore/Piscivore/Scavenger Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans I.U.C.N.: EN - ENDANGERED C.I.T.E.S.: not reported Did you know? It can be confused with the bull shark and has large green-yellow eyes. Echinodermata Pineapple sea cucumber (Thelenota ananas ) Filter feeder Indian and Pacific Oceans, Southeast Asia, Red Sea IUCN: EN - ENDANGERED CITES: Appendix II Did you know? This species is eaten, especially in Southeast Asia, where it is called "trepang" or "prickly redfish". 6 other species are threatened with extinction and many look like droppings. Arthropoda - Insecta Wallace's giant bee (Megachile pluto ) Phytophagous (tree resin) Indonesia I.U.C.N.: VU - VULNERABLE C.I.T.E.S.: not reported Did you know? It was rediscovered by a sale on the Internet. This bee is at the origin of the OURANOS program. Photograph : Naturalis Biodiversity Center — bioportal.naturalis.nl Megachile pluto (adult, frontal view) : Preserved specimen number RMNH.INS.108875 from Naturalis Biodiversity Center - Zoology and Geology catalogues (nl) collected in North-West Obi Moluccas on 1953-10-19 by Wegner, A. File:Megachile pluto - frontal view - Naturalis Biodiversity Center (1953).jpg Date de création : 16 mars 2018

Mission and methods ミッションと方法 English version / 英語版 : Team Zan is a dugong habitat research team in Okinawa coordinated by the association that watches over dugongs at the northern limit, and the official name is "Dugong Survey Team Zan" at the northern limit. "Zan" (or "Jean") is a typical name for dugongs in Okinawa, so we chose this as the name of the team. Investigation of Team Zan's bite marks It is difficult to investigate the behavior of the dugong itself because the number of dugongs in Okinawa is too small, but the bite marks left after the dugong uproots the seagrass remain for a while until the seagrass regenerates, so it is possible to grasp the habitat of the dugong to some extent by regularly examining the bite marks. The food trace survey is carried out by the "manta ray method". What is the Manta Ray Method? While traveling back and forth by boat within the set survey area, the surveyor pulled by the boat visually searches for the bite marks of the seagrass beds. When we find bite marks, we measure their size (length, width, depth) and record the type of seaweed and the degree of coverage. By doing this, we would like to know where dugongs are, what kind of seaweed they eat, and how much. How do you use the results of your research? In order to protect them, it is necessary to know the situation of the dugong, which is the object of protection, and to know the situation and changes in the seagrass, which is the only food of the dugong. By continuing this research, we will be able to create basic data for protection measures. Citizen Survey on Dugongs and Their Habitats in Okinawa Watching over dugongs at the northern limit The Okinawan dugong is a local population that inhabits the northernmost part of the world, but its number is estimated to be less than 50 and its survival is in danger. Although it is a national natural monument and is designated as an "endangered IA" species with the highest threat of extinction in the Red Data Book of Okinawa Prefecture, dugongs are not listed in the Red Data Book of the Ministry of the Environment, and the government has not yet taken concrete measures to protect them. Our mission is to save the Okinawan dugong from extinction as a local population and to restore its habitat and population. At the same time, we recognize that it is a major role of the association to convey the importance of protecting ecosystems, including wildlife. In particular, dugongs feed only on seagrass that grows in shallow waters several meters deep near the shore, so they are destined to be unable to leave the coast near the place of human activity. Therefore, it is important to understand that the ability of dugongs to maintain an environment in which they can live depends on human behavior. The specific goal of our activities is to conduct surveys in collaboration with local citizens and researchers, to identify appropriate protection measures with a solid scientific background, and to implement specific protection measures based on these surveys. In the future, I would like to have the national government set up protected areas and establish a system that steadily implements ecosystem management. There are three threats facing dugongs in Okinawa. The first is the relocation of the Futenma Air Base to Henoko, which is one of the important habitats for dugongs due to the spread of vast seagrass beds, the second is bycatch by fishing nets, and the thirdThe first is the deterioration of habitat environments, including seagrass beds. In order to eliminate these problems, take conservation measures, and manage habitats, it is necessary to conduct scientific investigations, analyses, and examinations that form the basis of these problems. On the other hand, regarding the issue of the relocation of the Futenma Air Base, there is a concern that the impact assessment of the base on dugongs and their habitats will not be justified. Environmental assessments in Japan are watered down and dysfunctional as a tool for preserving the environment for businesses. The reality in Japan today is that scientists have challenged the results of the assessments, presented fair assessments of the impact of the project, and warned about the impact of the project, despite the fact that it is being enforced. In view of this reality and the fact that there are almost no researchers specializing in dugongs in Japan, we have decided to conduct a survey to assess the impact of the base and to protect dugongs in cooperation with overseas researchers and the international community. The government has said that it will shorten the period of the environmental assessment, and there are concerns that it will not be properly evaluated. In order to prevent the construction of the base unnecessarily, we will appeal for the protection of dugongs and their habitats based on scientific evidence, with the cooperation of overseas dugong researchers under "external pressure." 【Outline of the Survey】 The urgent task is to clarify the current situation and changes in the ecology of dugongs and their important habitat, seagrass beds, for conservation. This is very important for assessing the impact of human activities, including the relocation of bases, and it is impossible to continue to carry out the necessary monitoring surveys without cooperation with local residents. In addition, we believe that communication with residents through such activities will lead to an understanding of the importance of local ecosystems and measures to combat bycatch, which is a major threat to dugongs. Therefore, in order to lay the foundation for community-based resident-led survey and conservation activities, the following surveys and activities will be conducted. (1) Literature survey on precedents of dugong conservation activities by residents Dugong populations outside of Japan and manatee populations, which are close relatives of dugongs, are also in danger of survival. In many of these habitats, citizens in collaboration with researchers are actively engaged in habitat surveys and conservation activities. We will investigate these precedents and utilize the knowledge gained from them in research and conservation activities in Okinawa. (2) Monitoring surveys of dugongs and their habitats led by local residents The number of dugongs in Okinawa is so small that it is difficult to investigate the behavior of the dugongs themselves. However, as they crawl along the seabed, they uproot the seagrass that grows in the sandy areas of the seabed, leaving their food marks like streaks. Since these traces remain for a while until the seagrass regenerates, regular and comprehensive investigation of these will reveal which sea areas dugongs use as their main feeding grounds, how much they use them, whether they change their feeding grounds seasonally, and how the conditions of seaweed beds and dugongs change from year to year. The results of this survey will be analyzed together with the results of the "wide-area survey of dugongs and seaweed beds" conducted by the Ministry of the Environment at a large cost in FY13~17, and will be used as basic data for considering what should be protected and how to protect and improve it with the guidance of researchers. Since the survey needs to cover a large area on a regular basis, it was decided to adopt the "manta ray" method. This method has also been adopted by the Ministry of the Environment and the Defense Facilities Agency for food site surveys, in which a snorkel surveyor is slowly towed by a boat to search for food remains in the seagrass beds below. Prior to the start of monitoring, in November 2006, an overseas researcher with a lot of experience in field surveys of dugongs and seaweed beds2Residents and members of the association were trained in the survey, and preliminary surveys and discussions were held to determine the details of the survey methodology. As a result, a number of issues have emerged. In the future, while tackling these issues, we will train new survey members and conduct full-scale surveys at a pace of four times a year. The results of this survey are expected to provide important data for the Okinawan dugong "rights of nature" lawsuit pending in the United States. (3) Awareness-raising activities among local residents to obtain cooperation in community-based and sustained surveys and to enable the acceptance of effective protection measures Such sustained research and conservation activities cannot be realized without gaining the understanding, trust, and cooperation of fishermen and residents engaged in coastal fisheries. We will discuss and create many opportunities for activities to discuss and work together on how to protect the local life while protecting the local natural ecosystem, including dugongs. (4) Preparation of a guidebook summarizing the survey and dugong conservation roadmap In order to encourage more people to participate in surveys and conservation activities, expand the circle of this initiative, and achieve results, we will draw a roadmap of a food trace survey manual and a vision for protecting and restoring the dugong population in Okinawa, and compile and distribute and use it as a guidebook. Japanese version / 日本語版 : チーム・ザンは北限のジュゴンを見守る会がコーディネートする 沖縄のジュゴンの生息環境調査チームで 正式名称は、『北限のジュゴン調査チーム・ザン』と言います。 『ザン』（または『ジャン』）は 沖縄でのジュゴンの代表的な呼び方であることから これを、チームの名前にしました。 チーム・ザンの食み跡調査 沖縄のジュゴンは数が少なすぎるために、ジュゴンそのものの行動を調査することは難しいのですが、ジュゴンが海草を根こそぎ食べた後に残される食み跡は、海草が再生してくるまでの間しばらく残るので、食み跡を定期的に調べることでジュゴンの生息状況をある程度把握することができます。 食跡調査は『マンタ法』によって行います。 マンタ法って？ 設定した調査範囲内を船で往復しながら、船に引かれる調査員が海草藻場の食み跡を目視で探します。食み跡を見つけたら、そのサイズ（長さ、幅、深さ）を計測し、海草の種類や被度などを記録します。これによって、ジュゴンがどんな場所で、どんな海草を、どのくらい食べているのかを知りたいと考えています。 調査結果をどう役立てるの？ 保護するためには、保護する対象であるジュゴンの状況を知ること、 そしてジュゴンの唯一の食糧である海草の状況や変化を知る必要があります。 この調査を継続していくことで、保護対策のための基礎データができていくのです。 沖縄のジュゴンとその生息環境に関する市民調査 北限のジュゴンを見守る会 沖縄のジュゴンは、世界の最北限に生息する地域個体群であるが、その数は50頭未満と推定され存続の危機にある。国の天然記念物であり、沖縄県のレッドデータブックでは絶滅の恐れが最も高い「絶滅危惧ＩＡ類」に指定されていながら、ジュゴンは環境省のレッドデータブックには記載されておらず、国はいまだ具体的な保護対策には動いていない。 当会のミッションは、沖縄のジュゴンを地域個体群としての絶滅の危機から救い、その生息環境と個体数を回復させることである。それと同時に、野生生物を含む生態系を守ることの重要性を人々に伝えることも当会の大きな役割と認識している。とくに、ジュゴンは岸に近い深さ数mの浅い海域に生えている海草を唯一の食糧としているため、人間活動の場に近い沿岸から離れられない宿命を背負っている。したがってジュゴンが生きていける環境を保持できるかどうかは、人間の行動にかかっていることを知ってもらわねばならない。 当会の活動の具体的な目標は、地元市民および研究者と連携した調査の実施により、しっかりとした科学的バックグラウンドを持って、適切な保護方策を見極め、それに基づいた具体的な保護方策を実践していくことである。将来的には国に保護区を設定させ、生態系のマネジメントを着実に実施するような体制にもっていきたい。 【ジュゴン保護に向けて】 　沖縄のジュゴンが直面している脅威は３つある。ひとつは、広大な海草藻場がひろがりジュゴンの重要な生息地の１つとなっている辺野古への普天間基地移設、2つ目は漁網による混獲、3つ目は海草藻場をはじめとした生息環境の悪化である。これらの問題を取り除いて保護策を講じ、生息地の管理を行っていくためには、いずれにしてもその基礎となる科学的な調査と解析、検討が必要とされる。一方、普天間基地移設問題については、ジュゴンおよびその生息地に関する基地の影響評価が正当になされない危惧がある。わが国の環境アセスメントは骨抜きであり、事業に対して環境を保全するツールとしては機能不全に陥っている。諫早干拓問題、石垣新空港問題などにおいても、科学者たちがアセスメントの結果に異議を唱え、事業の影響について正当な評価を提示し、警告しているにもかかわらず、強行されるのが今の日本の現実である。当会は、このような現実および日本にはジュゴンを専門とする研究者がほとんどいないことを鑑み、海外研究者および国際的なコミュニティとの連携の上で基地の影響評価およびジュゴンの保護方策に向けての調査を実施することとした。政府は環境アセスメントの調査期間を短縮して行うとしており、まっとうな評価がなされないことが懸念される。なしくずしに基地建設にいたることのないよう、海外のジュゴン研究者の「外圧」の協力を得ながら、科学的根拠に基づいてジュゴンと生息地の保護を訴えていく。 【調査の概要】 　喫緊の課題は、保護に向けてジュゴンの生態およびその重要な生息環境である海草藻場の現状と変動を明らかにすることである。これは、基地の移設も含めた人間活動の影響を評価する上で非常に重要であり、そのために必要なモニタリング調査を継続して実施していくことは地元住民との連携なくしては不可能である。また、このような活動を通しての住民とのコミュニケーションは、地域の生態系の重要性についての理解、ひいてはジュゴンにとっての大きな脅威である混獲の対策への理解につながるものと考える。 そこで、地域に根ざした住民主体の調査活動、保護活動の基礎を築くために、以下の調査および活動を行う。 （１）住民によるジュゴン保護活動の先行事例についての文献調査 日本以外の各地のジュゴン個体群、ジュゴンの近縁であるマナティ個体群もまた、その存続が危ぶまれているところが多い。それらの生息地では研究者と連携した市民による生息地の調査活動や保護活動が熱心に行われているところが多数ある。これらの先行事例を調査し、そこから得られる知見を沖縄における調査・保護活動に活かす。 （２）地域住民を主体とした、ジュゴンとその生息環境のモニタリング調査 　沖縄のジュゴンは数が少なすぎるために、ジュゴンそのものの行動を調査することは困難である。しかし、彼らは海底を這うように前進しながら海底の砂地に生えている海草を根こそぎ食べるために、その食跡が筋のように残される。この跡は海草が再生してくるまでの間しばらく残ることから、これらを定期的、網羅的に調べれば、ジュゴンがどの海域を主たる餌場とし、どの程度利用しているか、季節的に餌場を変えているのか、年々の藻場の状況とジュゴンの利用状況はどう変化しているか、などを明らかにしていくことができる。この調査結果と環境省が平成13～17年度に多額の費用をかけて実施した「ジュゴンと藻場の広域的調査」の結果を合わせて解析し、研究者の指導を得ながら何をどう保護し、改善していくべきかを検討するための基礎データとする予定である。 調査は広域を定期的にカバーする必要があるため、｢マンタ法｣を採用することにした。この手法は環境省や防衛施設庁も食跡調査に採用しているもので、シュノーケルをつけた調査員がボートでゆっくりと曳航されながら眼下にある海草藻場の食跡を探すというものである。モニタリング開始に先立って、2006年11月に、ジュゴンと藻場の野外調査の多くの経験を持つ海外の研究者2名を招へいし、住民と当会メンバーが調査のトレーニングを受け、調査手法の詳細を決めるための予備調査とディスカッションを行った。この結果、いくつもの課題が浮き上がってきた。今後これらの課題と取り組みつつ、新たな調査メンバーを育てながら、本格的な調査を年に4回のペースで実施していく。なお、この調査結果は、米国において提訴中の沖縄のジュゴン「自然の権利」訴訟においても重要なデータとなることが期待されている。 （３）地域に根ざした持続的な調査への協力を得、有効な保護方策の受容を可能 にするための地域住民の啓発活動 このような持続的調査・保護活動は、沿岸で漁業を営む漁民や住民の理解と信頼を得、協力を得ていくことなしに実現はできない。ジュゴンを含む地域の自然生態系を守りながら地域の生活を守っていくにはどうすればよいのか、ともに話し合い、活動する機会を多く設けていく。 （４）調査およびジュゴン保護ロードマップをまとめたガイドブックの作成 　より多くの人に調査や保護活動に参加してもらい、この取組みの輪を広げ、成果をあげていくために、食跡調査マニュアルと沖縄のジュゴン個体群を保護・回復させていくためのビジョンをロードマップに描き、ガイドブックとしてとりまとめて配布、活用する。 sea-dugong.org/trailsurvey.htm 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Team ZAN チーム・ザン OURANOS partner's hosting Original website : Dugong Survey Team Giang at the Northern Limit Facebook The Okinawan dugong, the Northernmost population of this gentle marine mammal, is critically endangered, with only a few dozen left. Once abundant in Okinawa's waters, their numbers have drastically declined. To help protect them and their habitat, the dugong research team, ZAN studies bite marks on seagrass to gather crucial data for their conservation. 温和な海洋哺乳類の最も北に生息する沖縄のジュゴンは、絶滅の危機に瀕しており、わずか数十頭しか残っていません。かつては沖縄の海域にたくさん生息していましたが、その数は急激に減少しています。ジュゴンとその生息地を保護するために、ジュゴン研究チーム ザン は海草の噛み跡を調査し、保護のための重要なデータを収集しています。 Team ZAN : Who are we ? チーム・ザン : 私たちは誰ですか？ Mission and methods ミッションと方法 Okinawa dugong : Research and results 沖縄のジュゴン：研究と結果 News ニュース Series : The Role of Humans (not available) 人間の役割 (利用不可)

Sugar glider Petaurus breviceps Localization Australia, Papoua Threats No major threat Agriculture Bushfire Hypocalcaemia (in captivity) Population Stable U.I.C.N. : L.C. - Least Concern C.I.T.E.S: No indexed Trade Australia : To ensure that gilders are not illegally removed from the wild and sold as pets, all breeders, distributors and owners would require permits outlining the glider's history and source location. Strict penalties for illegal activities should be enforced. In addition, wild populations would require constant monitoring to ensure the protection of the glider species. In Australia, sugar gliders can be kept in Victoria, South Australia, and the Northern Territory. However, they are not allowed to be kept as pets in Western Australia, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Queensland or Tasmania. DNA analysis indicates that "the USA (sugar) glider population originates from West Papua, Indonesia with no illegal harvesting from other native areas such as Papua New Guinea or Australia".Given that the West Papuan gliders have been tentatively classified as Krefft's gliders (albeit to be changed in the future), this indicates that at least the captive gliders kept in the United States are Krefft's gliders, not sugar gliders. United States : Campbell et al . (2019), have provided evidence to support anecdotal reports from commercial websites offering the sale of sugar gliders that the source of the USA population of sugar gliders is West Papua, Indonesia. In our sampling, we found no evidence of illegal trade from other parts for the sugar glider native range but we cannot discount the possibility that animals are taken from other parts of Indonesia or Papua New Guinea and traded from Sorong. The scope of our inference is limited due to sparse sampling of West Papua, surrounding islands and the voluntary nature of tissue donation from USA pet owners. More extensive sampling of wild sugar gliders, animals bred in captive breeding facilities in West Papua and privately owned sugar gliders in the USA along with detailed pedigree information from breeders in the USA would be required to fully understand the importation history (Hogg et al., 2018 ). We established that despite being founded very recently (less than 30 years ago), the USA population is significantly more diverse than other introduced but older populations in Australia (Campbell et al., 2018 ). This implies multiple recent introductions and/or gene flow between Indonesia and the USA (Dawnay et al., 2008 ; Ogden & Linacre, 2015 ), and suggests that there is sufficient diversity within the USA population to avoid negative consequences of inbreeding if pedigrees are carefully managed. Ongoing importation of sugar gliders from legal avenues would allow US breeders to actively manage genetic diversity in the captive USA population, while allowing Indonesian wildlife traders the opportunity to benefit from their natural resources. For the specific purpose of preventing inbreeding in the USA an appropriately managed wild harvest of sugar gliders from West Papua, Indonesia, could continue with sufficient regulation of wildlife trade and if sustainable wildlife harvest quotas are enforced (Nijman, 2010 ; Janssen & Chng, 2018 ). Initiatives to achieve this could include, stricter licensing and registration for exporters, minimum mandatory reporting standards for captive breeding facilities and monitoring of selected wildlife trade hubs (Nijman, 2010 ). References : Petaurus breviceps (Sugar Glider) Wayback Machine The origin of exotic pet sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) kept in the United States of America [PeerJ] Sugar glider - Wikipedia (utiliser d'autres sources)

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Wallaby Macropodidae Localization Australia and Papua New-Guinea Threats Population U.I.C.N. : C.I.T.E.S: Trade Canada, United States: France: India: Indonesia: Laos : Malaysia: Philippines : Vietnam : References :