Localization

Americas

​

Threats

Urbanization

Extension of roads and railways

Crops, Agriculture, Livestock

Plantation for wood and pulp, deforestation

Coal mining

Fires and fire suppression

Poaching

​

Population

Red-faced Black Spider Monkey (Ateles paniscus) : Decreasing

White-bellied Spider Monkey (Ateles belzebuth) : Decreasing​

​

Golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) : 1400, very fragmented, decreasing population​

​​​​

​​​​

Trade

Golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) : Trade prohibited

​​

Belize :

Central American Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​

​

Bolivia :

Black Spider Monkey (Ateles chamek) :

92ND MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (03/12/2020)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020)​

​

​

Brazil :

• Red-faced Black Spider Monkey (Ateles paniscus) :

Official Journal of the European Union - COMMISSION REGULATION 2023/966 (15-05/2023)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild​ (03/12/2020)

​

• White-bellied Spider Monkey (Ateles belzebuth) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​​

• Black Spider Monkey (Ateles chamek) 

92ND MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (03/12/2020)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020)

​

• Common Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha) 

92ND MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (03/12/2020)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020)

​

​

Colombia :

• White-bellied Spider Monkey (Ateles belzebuth) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​

• Central American Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​

• Variegated Spider Monkey (Ateles hybridus) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​

• Brown-headed Spider Monkey (Ateles fusciceps) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild​ (03/12/2020)

​

• Common Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha) 

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (07/11/2016)

​

​

Costa Rica :

Central American Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​

​

Ecuador :

• White-bellied Spider Monkey (Ateles belzebuth) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​​​

• Brown-headed Spider Monkey (Ateles fusciceps) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild​ (03/12/2020)

​

• Common Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha) 

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016)

​​

​

El Salvador :

Central American Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​​

​

France :​

Article L413-10

Version in force since 02 December 2021

Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement

1. Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals:

   • It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows.

   • This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023).

2. Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals:

   • Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028).

3. Animal Welfare Provisions:

   • Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being.

4. Exceptions:

   • The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable.

5. Certificates and Permits:

   • New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave.

6. Animal Registration:

   • Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation.

This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows.

​​​

​

Guatemala :

Central American Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​

​

Guyana :

• Red-faced Black Spider Monkey (Ateles paniscus) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild​ (03/12/2020)

​

• Golden-handed Tamarin (Saguinus midas) :

Quota : 150 (2014)

​

• Guianan Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

Quota : 2200 (2024)

​​

​

​​

Honduras :

Central American Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​

​

Mexico :

Central American Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​

​

Panama :

• Central American Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) :

NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2023/057 (05/05/2023)

This measure to suspend the issuance of export permits has been extended to all wildlife specimens harvested from the wild (W) for commercial purposes (T), given that Panama is in the process of making non-detriment findings. In this regard, Panama urges all Parties to verify the validity or legality of permits by contacting the CITES Management Authorities of Panama, whose email addresses are listed on the CITES website.

​

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​

• Brown-headed Spider Monkey (Ateles fusciceps) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild​ (03/12/2020)​

​

• Brown-headed Spider Monkey (Ateles fusciceps) :

NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2023/057 (05/05/2023)

This measure to suspend the issuance of export permits has been extended to all wildlife specimens harvested from the wild (W) for commercial purposes (T), given that Panama is in the process of making non-detriment findings. In this regard, Panama urges all Parties to verify the validity or legality of permits by contacting the CITES Management Authorities of Panama, whose email addresses are listed on the CITES website.

​

• Black-crowned Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii) :

NOTIFICATION TO THE PARTIES No. 2023/057 (05/05/2023)

This measure to suspend the issuance of export permits has been extended to all wildlife specimens harvested from the wild (W) for commercial purposes (T), given that Panama is in the process of making non-detriment findings. In this regard, Panama urges all Parties to verify the validity or legality of permits by contacting the CITES Management Authorities of Panama, whose email addresses are listed on the CITES website.

​

​​

Peru :

• White-bellied Spider Monkey (Ateles belzebuth) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​

• Black Spider Monkey (Ateles chamek) :

92ND MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (03/12/2020)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (03/12/2020)

​

• Common Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha) 

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016)

​

​

Suriname :

Red-faced Black Spider Monkey (Ateles paniscus) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 77 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (07/11/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild​ (03/12/2020)

​

​

United Kingdom :

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs and Robbie Douglas-Miller OBE (05/03/2024)

The UK has enacted a law banning the keeping of primates as pets, effective from April 6, 2026. This legislation introduces strict licensing requirements to ensure primates are kept in zoo-level welfare conditions. The move aims to protect up to 5,000 primates currently held in domestic settings, recognizing that these intelligent animals have complex social and welfare needs that are impossible to meet in typical homes.

Key points include:

• A mandatory licensing scheme for private owners with stringent welfare standards.

• Non-compliance will result in unlimited fines or confiscation of the primate.

• Local authorities will enforce the law with guidance from the government (Defra).

This law builds on the UK’s Action Plan for Animal Welfare, which has already delivered measures such as recognizing animal sentience, strengthening penalties for cruelty, and banning various harmful practices like glue traps and low-welfare animal tourism ads. The UK leads the G7 in animal protection efforts according to World Animal Protection's Index.

 

​

United States :

1. Alabama: Restrictions on exotic animals like giant snails, bobcats, and venomous reptiles unless permitted before 2021. No release of non-native animals without a license.

2. Alaska: Broad restrictions on wildlife, including wolf hybrids and chimpanzees. Some pets, like ferrets, are legal without a permit.

3. Arizona: Extensive restrictions require permits for many species like primates, foxes, and Gila monsters. Permits are issued for specific purposes like education.

4. Arkansas: Large carnivores and primates are restricted unless permitted before set years. Some venomous reptiles are allowed with permits, and up to six captive-bred animals like raccoons can be owned without a permit.

5. California: Prohibits most wild animals, including bears and primates, but allows hybrids like Savannah cats.

6. Colorado: Most exotic animals like primates and raccoons are banned, but hedgehogs and sugar gliders are allowed without permits.

7. Connecticut: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and wolves. Limited ownership of primates allowed under specific conditions.

8. Delaware: Requires permits for exotic animals; no comprehensive list of banned animals is provided.

9. District of Columbia: Only common domestic pets like cats, dogs, and some birds are allowed. Exotic species are banned.

10. Florida: Animals categorized into Classes I-III, with varying permit requirements. Non-dangerous animals like ferrets are exempt.

11. Georgia: Strict permitting for wild animals like kangaroos and venomous snakes, while ferrets and sugar gliders are allowed under specific conditions.

12. Hawaii: Most exotic animals, including hedgehogs and ferrets, are banned. A limited number of domesticated animals are permitted.

13. Idaho: Prohibits animals harmful to agriculture, like wild boars and large cats. Llamas and guinea pigs are allowed without permits.

14. Illinois: Restricts dangerous animals like large cats and wolves to organizations. Existing primates are allowed if registered.

15. Indiana: Allows exotic animal ownership with permits for different classes, from squirrels to large predators.

16. Iowa: Restricts dangerous wild animals unless permitted before 2007. Hybrids of domestic species are allowed.

17. Kansas: Limits ownership of regulated animals like large cats, bears, and venomous snakes to approved facilities.

18. Kentucky: Bans inherently dangerous animals like primates and bears. Some permits available for non-dangerous species.

19. Louisiana: Requires permits for large snakes and prohibits endangered or dangerous species like bears and wolves.

20. Maine: Broad restrictions on exotic pets like giraffes and kangaroos. Some exotic animals like coati are permitted.

21. Maryland: Prohibits dangerous animals like primates and large cats unless registered before 2006.

22. Massachusetts: Strict restrictions on endangered species and venomous reptiles. Ferrets allowed under specific conditions.

23. Michigan: Restricts ownership of non-native species like large cats. Permits are available for captive-bred wildlife.

24. Minnesota: Prohibits regulated animals like large cats unless registered before 2005.

25. Mississippi: Requires liability insurance for permits to own inherently dangerous animals like elephants and primates.

26. Missouri: Requires registration of dangerous reptiles and mammals with law enforcement.

27. Montana: Requires annual permits for wild animals like large cats and bears. Many small exotics are legal without permits.

28. Nebraska: Captive wildlife permits needed for most wild animals, excluding certain species like skunks and bears.

29. Nevada: Relatively lenient, banning certain species like alligators but allowing primates and large cats.

30. New Hampshire: Controlled species like armadillos and cougars require permits.

31. New Jersey: Permits required for many species, including ferrets and primates. Some small animals are exempt.

32. New Mexico: Regulates zoonotic disease carriers like skunks and raccoons; local laws may impose additional restrictions.

33. New York: Prohibits most wild animals and hybrids; fines imposed for violations.

34. North Carolina: Exotic pet laws vary by county or city; no statewide restrictions.

35. North Dakota: Dangerous or hazardous animals like zebras and primates require licenses.

36. Ohio: Strict laws after a 2011 incident, banning dangerous wild animals like tigers and bears without permits.

37. Oklahoma: Permits required for venomous reptiles, while many exotic animals are exempt from regulation.

38. Oregon: Prohibits wild cat species and large predators; permits available for service monkeys.

39. Pennsylvania: Exotic wildlife permits required for animals like lions, wolves, and venomous snakes.

40. Rhode Island: Only specific organizations can own wild carnivores like lions and tigers.

41. South Carolina: Restricts large cats and apes unless registered by 2018.

42. South Dakota: Permits required for most exotic animals, with specific rules for raccoon dogs.

43. Tennessee: Classifies animals by risk level, requiring permits for certain classes.

44. Texas: Requires a certificate of registration for dangerous wild animals like wild cats and primates.

45. Utah: Controlled, noncontrolled, and prohibited animals require different levels of permitting.

46. Vermont: Requires permits for exotic animals not on the unrestricted list.

47. Virginia: Exotic animals like wild cats and crocodiles require permits.

48. Washington: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and venomous snakes.

49. West Virginia: Requires permits with strict conditions for keeping wild animals.

50. Wisconsin: Requires licenses for wild animals, but some, like opossums and ground squirrels, are exempt.

51. Wyoming: Requires permits for most wildlife unless specifically exempted.

​

Highlights:

• Stringent Restrictions: Hawaii, California, and New York are among the strictest states.

• Lenient Laws: Indiana and Nevada allow more exotic animals with fewer restrictions.

• Common Prohibitions: Dangerous animals like large cats, bears, primates, and venomous reptiles are frequently restricted.

• Permits: Most states offer permits for special cases like education or scientific purposes.

​​​

​

Venezuela :

White-bellied Spider Monkey (Ateles belzebuth) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​

Variegated Spider Monkey (Ateles hybridus) :

SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE 76 TH MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP ON TRADE IN WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (27/06/2016)

EU decision : Scientific Review Group Referral ; W - Wild (27/06/2016)

​​

​

Références :

​​​

Section 3: Provisions relating to animals of non-domestic species kept in captivity for entertainment purposes (Articles L413-9 to L413-14) - Légifrance

​

Keeping primates as pets banned - GOV.UK

​

Laws on Exotic Animals for Each State

​

​Endcap_Wild_Pets_EU_Report_0812_Layout 1

​

Ateles paniscus (Red-faced Black Spider Monkey)

Red-faced Black Spider Monkey (Ateles paniscus) : Species+

Publications Office

92_summary_SRG.pdf

77_summary_srg.pdf

​

White-bellied Spider Monkey (Ateles belzebuth) :

Ateles belzebuth (White-bellied Spider Monkey)

White-bellied Spider Monkey (Ateles belzebuth) : Species+

76_summary_srg.pdf

​​

Ateles geoffroyi (Central American Spider Monkey)

Species+

Notification to the Parties 2023

Publications Office

​

Ateles hybridus (Variegated Spider Monkey)

Species+

​

Ateles marginatus (White-whiskered Spider Monkey)

Species+

​

Ateles fusciceps (Brown-headed Spider Monkey)

Species+

​

Ateles chamek (Black Spider Monkey)

Species+

​92_summary_SRG.pdf

​

Leontopithecus rosalia (Golden Lion Tamarin) (iucnredlist.org)​

Species+ (speciesplus.net)​

Official Journal of the European Union

​

Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Black Lion Tamarin)

Species+

​Publications Office

​

Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Golden-headed Lion Tamarin)

Species+

​

Leontopithecus caissara (Black-faced Lion Tamarin)

Species+

​

Callithrix jacchus (Common Marmoset)

​Species+

​

Callithrix flaviceps (Buffy-headed Marmoset)

Species+

​

Callithrix kuhlii (Wied's Marmoset)

Species+

​

Callithrix geoffroyi (Geoffroy’s Tufted-ear Marmoset)

Species+

​

Callithrix penicillata (Black-pencilled Marmoset)

Species+

​

Callithrix aurita (Buffy-tufted-ear Marmoset)

​Species+

​

Callibella humilis (Black-crowned Dwarf Marmoset)

Species+

​

Cebuella niveiventris (Eastern Pygmy Marmoset)

​

Cebuella pygmaea (Northern Pygmy Marmoset)

Species+

​Publications Office

​

Callicebus nigrifrons (Black-fronted Titi Monkey)

Species+

​

Plecturocebus caligatus (Chestnut-bellied Titi)

​Species+

​

Plecturocebus cinerascens (Ashy Black Titi Monkey)

​Species+

​

Plecturocebus cupreus (Coppery Titi Monkey)

Species+

​

Mico argentatus

​Species+

​

Mico melanurus (Black-tailed Marmoset)

Species+

​

Mico saterei (Sateré Marmoset)

​Species+

​

Mico leucippe (Golden-white Bare-ear Marmoset)

​Species+

​

Mico intermedius (Aripuanã Marmoset)

​Species+

​

Mico nigriceps (Black-headed Marmoset)

​Species+

​

Mico chrysoleucos (Golden-white Tassel-ear Marmoset)

​

Saguinus bicolor (Pied Tamarin)

​Species+

​

Saguinus midas (Golden-handed Tamarin)

Species+

​

Saguinus martinsi (Martin's Ochraceous Bare-face Tamarin)

Species+

​

Saguinus ursulus

Species+

​

Saguinus niger (Black-handed Tamarin)

Species+

​

Saguinus mystax (Moustached Tamarin)

​Species+

​

Callimico goeldii (Goeldi’s Monkey)

Species+

​

​Leontocebus nigricollis (Black Mantle Tamarin)​

​Leontocebus tripartitus (Golden-mantle Saddleback Tamarin)

​

Tamarinus subgrisescens (Bearded Emperor Tamarin)

Tamarinus imperator (Black-chinned Emperor Tamarin)

Tamarinus labiatus (Red-chested Mustached Tamarin)

Tamarinus inustus (Mottled-face Tamarin)

​

​Oedipomidas leucopus (Silvery-brown Tamarin)

Oedipomidas oedipus (Cotton-headed Tamarin)

​Oedipomidas geoffroyi (Geoffroy’s Tamarin)

​

Leontocebus cruzlimai (Cruz Lima’s Saddle-back Tamarin)

Species+

​

Leontocebus lagonotus (Red-mantle Saddle-back Tamarin)

​

​Leontocebus fuscicollis (Saddleback Tamarin)

​Species+

​

​Leontocebus fuscus (Lesson’s Saddle-back Tamarin)

​

Leontocebus leucogenys (Andean Saddle-back Tamarin)

​

Leontocebus illigeri (Illiger’s Saddle-back Tamarin)

​

​Leontocebus weddelli (Weddell’s Saddle-back Tamarin)

​

Lagothrix flavicauda (Peruvian Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey)

Species+

​

Lagothrix lagothricha (Common Woolly Monkey)

​Species+

​

Saimiri oerstedii (Black-crowned Central American Squirrel Monkey)

​Species+

​

Saimiri vanzolinii (Black Squirrel Monkey)

Species+

Publications Office

​

Saimiri sciureus (Guianan Squirrel Monkey)

Species+

​Publications Office

​

Saimiri boliviensis (Bolivian Squirrel Monkey)

Species+

​Publications Office

​

Saimiri ustus (Golden-backed Squirrel Monkey)

Species+

​Publications Office

​

Saimiri collinsi (Collins' Squirrel Monkey)

Species+

​