Localization

Siberia, Eastern, Southern and South-Eastern Asia

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Threats

• Annual and perennial non-timber crops

• Wood plantations

• Pulp plantations

• Livestock farming

• Ranching

• Oil drilling

• Gas drilling

• Mining

• Quarrying

• Roads and railroads

• Hunting

• Tiger farms

• Trapping terrestrial animals

• Logging and wood harvesting

• War, civil unrest and military exercises

• Fire and fire suppression

• Dams and water management/use

• Industrial effluents

• Military effluents

• Storms and flooding

• Supersitions about protection and sexual boost

 

Population

Decreasing ; between 2608 and 3905 mature adults (best estimate: 3140)​

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U.I.C.N. : E.N. - Endangered

C.I.T.E.S :  Appendix I (1987)

E.U. listing : Annex A​

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Trade

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International:

All international commercial trade in Tigers, their parts, products and derivatives, has long been prohibited.

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Afghanistan:

17/05/2013

Suspension of all exports.

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France :

Article L413-10

Version in force since 02 December 2021

Created by LAW No. 2021-1539 of 30 November 2021 - art. 46 - Code de l'environnement

1. Ban on Acquiring and Breeding Non-Domestic Animals:

   • It is prohibited to buy, sell, or breed non-domestic species for use in traveling shows.

   • This ban takes effect two years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2023).

2. Prohibition on Keeping and Transporting Non-Domestic Animals:

   • Traveling shows cannot keep, transport, or use non-domestic animals for performances starting seven years after the law’s enactment (November 30, 2028).

3. Animal Welfare Provisions:

   • Owners of affected animals will be provided with alternative accommodations ensuring the animals’ well-being.

4. Exceptions:

   • The Minister for Nature Protection can grant exceptions if suitable accommodations for the animals are unavailable.

5. Certificates and Permits:

   • New permits for keeping or showcasing non-domestic animals in traveling shows will no longer be issued, and existing permits will be revoked when animals leave.

6. Animal Registration:

   • Traveling establishments must register their animals in a national database within six months of the law’s promulgation.

This law seeks to protect wildlife and promote humane treatment by phasing out the use of non-domestic animals in traveling shows.

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India:

26/03/2018 :

• The Management Authority of India has informed the Secretariat that the Government of India has banned the export for commercial purposes of all wild-taken specimens of species included in Appendices I, II and III, subject to paragraph 2 below.

• India permits the export of cultivated varieties of plant species included in Appendices I and II and has indicated that all products, other than the wood and wood products in the form of logs, timber, stumps, roots, bark, chips, powder, flakes, dust and charcoal, produced from wild sourced (W) Dalbergia sissoo and Dalbergia latifolia and authorized for export by a CITES Comparable Certificate issued by the competent authorities of India are exempted from the general ban. Such Dalbergia sissoo and Dalbergia latifolia specimens are harvested legally as per the regional and national laws of India and as per the prescribed management (working) plans, which are based on silvicultural principles and all are covered under Legal Procurement Certificate; all the material are sold from the Government timber depots through auction or are legally procured and can be exported legally.

• Starting on the date of this Notification, all the CITES Comparable Certificates will be issued with a footnote, stating that the wild (W) source specimens are covered under Legal Procurement Certificate as per regional and national laws in India.

• Parties are urged to inform the Indian Management Authority and the Secretariat of any attempted violations.

• This Notification replaces Notification to the Parties No. 1999/39 of 31 May 1999.​​

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Laos:​

​21/11/2023

APPLICATION OF ARTICLE XIII IN THE LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Recommendation to suspend trade for commercial purposes with the Lao People's Democratic Republic in specimens of all CITES-listed species and other recommendations

Suspension of all commercial trade in specimens of CITES-listed species.

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Annex SC77 RECOMMENDATIONS [SEE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SC77 SUM. 6 (REV. 1)]

Based on reporting from the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and the findings and observations contained in document SC77 Doc. 41.2 on Asian big cats in captivity, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic should:​

• complete the full audit of the tigers kept in captivity, including the analyses of the collection of DNA samples and photos to assist with identification of individual specimens

• identify any pure specimens of tigers referable to the mainland Southeast Asian lineage (also known as Panthera tigris corbetti) and encourage facilities to engage in coordinated conservation breeding of such animals, if identified

• take measures to limit the number of tigers to a level supportive only to conserving wild tigers by:

  • restricting the breeding of tigers in captivity (sterilizing, separating male and female specimens), except for specimens of tigers referable to the mainland Southeast Asian lineage (also known as Panthera tigris corbetti)​

  • not authorizing any further import of tiger live specimens, except for specimens of tigers referable to the mainland Southeast Asian lineage (also known as Panthera tigris corbetti) for conservation breeding purposes

  • prohibiting the establishment of any new tiger facilities

• ​implement stringent regulations for tiger husbandry standards to improve care and discourage expansion of captive-breeding facilities

• develop standard operating procedures for inspections and disposal of dead tiger specimens (including destruction of carcasses after verification of the dead individual) and train officials to undertake inspections and monitor the disposal of carcasses

• take measures to reduce the demand for tiger parts and derivatives through the implementation of campaigns and strategies taking into consideration the guidance in Resolution Conf. 17.4 (Rev. CoP19) on Demand reduction strategies to combat illegal trade in CITES-listed species and the outcomes in section 3 of the Big Cat Task Force outcomes document (see document SC77 Doc. 41.2)

• establish an appropriate advisory committee or mechanism with involvement of the CITES Secretariat and other relevant organizations and partners to provide advice on the transformation of commercial tiger farms

• inspect the tiger captive-breeding facility that the Secretariat could not visit and report to the Secretariat.​

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United States :

H.R. 263, the “Big Cat Public Safety Act,” which amends the Lacy Act (20/12/2022)

The act revises the Lacey Act to impose stricter regulations on the trade, possession, breeding, and exhibition of big cats (lion, tiger, leopard, cheetah, jaguar, cougar, or hybrids).

1. Key Provisions:

   • Prohibited Activities: Importing, exporting, buying, selling, transporting, acquiring, possessing, or breeding big cats are prohibited unless exempt.

   • Breeding Defined: Includes intentional or negligent propagation or failing to prevent reproduction.

2. Exemptions:

   • Entities like universities and wildlife sanctuaries may be exempt.

   • Facilities with Class C licenses under the Animal Welfare Act can exhibit big cats if direct contact with the public is prohibited (with exceptions for professionals or conservation-related activities).

3. Grandfather Clause:

   • Owners may keep big cats born before the law's enactment but must register them with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

4. Penalties:

   • Violators face fines up to $20,000, imprisonment for up to five years, or both.

   • Each violation is treated as a separate offense.

5. Forfeiture:

   • Big cats bred or possessed in violation of the law are subject to forfeiture.

6. Implementation:

   • The Department of the Interior will issue regulations to enforce the act.

This legislation aims to enhance the conservation of big cats, prioritize public safety, and reduce illegal trade.

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Rules through the United States :

1. Alabama: Restrictions on exotic animals like giant snails, bobcats, and venomous reptiles unless permitted before 2021. No release of non-native animals without a license.

2. Alaska: Broad restrictions on wildlife, including wolf hybrids and chimpanzees. Some pets, like ferrets, are legal without a permit.

3. Arizona: Extensive restrictions require permits for many species like primates, foxes, and Gila monsters. Permits are issued for specific purposes like education.

4. Arkansas: Large carnivores and primates are restricted unless permitted before set years. Some venomous reptiles are allowed with permits, and up to six captive-bred animals like raccoons can be owned without a permit.

5. California: Prohibits most wild animals, including bears and primates, but allows hybrids like Savannah cats.

6. Colorado: Most exotic animals like primates and raccoons are banned, but hedgehogs and sugar gliders are allowed without permits.

7. Connecticut: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and wolves. Limited ownership of primates allowed under specific conditions.

8. Delaware: Requires permits for exotic animals; no comprehensive list of banned animals is provided.

9. District of Columbia: Only common domestic pets like cats, dogs, and some birds are allowed. Exotic species are banned.

10. Florida: Animals categorized into Classes I-III, with varying permit requirements. Non-dangerous animals like ferrets are exempt.

11. Georgia: Strict permitting for wild animals like kangaroos and venomous snakes, while ferrets and sugar gliders are allowed under specific conditions.

12. Hawaii: Most exotic animals, including hedgehogs and ferrets, are banned. A limited number of domesticated animals are permitted.

13. Idaho: Prohibits animals harmful to agriculture, like wild boars and large cats. Llamas and guinea pigs are allowed without permits.

14. Illinois: Restricts dangerous animals like large cats and wolves to organizations. Existing primates are allowed if registered.

15. Indiana: Allows exotic animal ownership with permits for different classes, from squirrels to large predators.

16. Iowa: Restricts dangerous wild animals unless permitted before 2007. Hybrids of domestic species are allowed.

17. Kansas: Limits ownership of regulated animals like large cats, bears, and venomous snakes to approved facilities.

18. Kentucky: Bans inherently dangerous animals like primates and bears. Some permits available for non-dangerous species.

19. Louisiana: Requires permits for large snakes and prohibits endangered or dangerous species like bears and wolves.

20. Maine: Broad restrictions on exotic pets like giraffes and kangaroos. Some exotic animals like coati are permitted.

21. Maryland: Prohibits dangerous animals like primates and large cats unless registered before 2006.

22. Massachusetts: Strict restrictions on endangered species and venomous reptiles. Ferrets allowed under specific conditions.

23. Michigan: Restricts ownership of non-native species like large cats. Permits are available for captive-bred wildlife.

24. Minnesota: Prohibits regulated animals like large cats unless registered before 2005.

25. Mississippi: Requires liability insurance for permits to own inherently dangerous animals like elephants and primates.

26. Missouri: Requires registration of dangerous reptiles and mammals with law enforcement.

27. Montana: Requires annual permits for wild animals like large cats and bears. Many small exotics are legal without permits.

28. Nebraska: Captive wildlife permits needed for most wild animals, excluding certain species like skunks and bears.

29. Nevada: Relatively lenient, banning certain species like alligators but allowing primates and large cats.

30. New Hampshire: Controlled species like armadillos and cougars require permits.

31. New Jersey: Permits required for many species, including ferrets and primates. Some small animals are exempt.

32. New Mexico: Regulates zoonotic disease carriers like skunks and raccoons; local laws may impose additional restrictions.

33. New York: Prohibits most wild animals and hybrids; fines imposed for violations.

34. North Carolina: Exotic pet laws vary by county or city; no statewide restrictions.

35. North Dakota: Dangerous or hazardous animals like zebras and primates require licenses.

36. Ohio: Strict laws after a 2011 incident, banning dangerous wild animals like tigers and bears without permits.

37. Oklahoma: Permits required for venomous reptiles, while many exotic animals are exempt from regulation.

38. Oregon: Prohibits wild cat species and large predators; permits available for service monkeys.

39. Pennsylvania: Exotic wildlife permits required for animals like lions, wolves, and venomous snakes.

40. Rhode Island: Only specific organizations can own wild carnivores like lions and tigers.

41. South Carolina: Restricts large cats and apes unless registered by 2018.

42. South Dakota: Permits required for most exotic animals, with specific rules for raccoon dogs.

43. Tennessee: Classifies animals by risk level, requiring permits for certain classes.

44. Texas: Requires a certificate of registration for dangerous wild animals like wild cats and primates.

45. Utah: Controlled, noncontrolled, and prohibited animals require different levels of permitting.

46. Vermont: Requires permits for exotic animals not on the unrestricted list.

47. Virginia: Exotic animals like wild cats and crocodiles require permits.

48. Washington: Prohibits dangerous animals like bears and venomous snakes.

49. West Virginia: Requires permits with strict conditions for keeping wild animals.

50. Wisconsin: Requires licenses for wild animals, but some, like opossums and ground squirrels, are exempt.

51. Wyoming: Requires permits for most wildlife unless specifically exempted.

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Highlights:

• Stringent Restrictions: Hawaii, California, and New York are among the strictest states.

• Lenient Laws: Indiana and Nevada allow more exotic animals with fewer restrictions.

• Common Prohibitions: Dangerous animals like large cats, bears, primates, and venomous reptiles are frequently restricted.

• Permits: Most states offer permits for special cases like education or scientific purposes.